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DNA Structure
Composition of nucleotides by Chargaff: equal A&T, equal G&C
Rosalind Franklin
Used X-ray crystallography to identify DNA structure components
Erwin Chargaff
Discovered equal ratios of A&T, G&C in DNA nucleotides
Watson-Crick Base-Pairing
A binds with T, G binds with C in DNA strands
DNA Replication Purpose
To make more cells with their own DNA for growth & repair
Semiconservative Model
New DNA has one old parental strand, one new daughter strand
DNA Replication Speed
E. coli replicates 4.6M DNA bp in ~1h, human 6B bp in few hrs
Origin of Replication
Start point for DNA replication to decrease replication time
Leading Strand
Continuously synthesized DNA strand towards the forking point
Lagging Strand
DNA strand synthesized away from fork in Okazaki fragments
DNA Polymerase
Adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication
Topoisomerase
Unwinds DNA strands during DNA replication process
Helicase
Separates double-stranded DNA helix during DNA replication
DNA Ligase
Links DNA fragments to form single strands in DNA replication
Proofreading in DNA Replication
Ensures proper base pairing and repairs DNA damage
Complementary Base Pairs
Purine on one strand binds with pyrimidine on the other
DNA Replication Components
Include template strand, nucleotides, and various enzymes
DNA Replication Overview
Parental DNA strands separate, new strand assembly with nucleotides
DNA Replication Specifics
Proteins attach to DNA at origin, polymerase adds nucleotides
DNA Replication Bubbles
Formed when DNA is opened up during replication process
DNA Replication Enzymes
Include topoisomerase, helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase
DNA Replication Direction
Opposite strands replicate to speed up DNA replication process
DNA Replication Advantages
Ensures genetic information consistency in multicellular organisms
DNA Replication Consistency
Half of the DNA is conserved from the parental molecule
DNA Replication Proofreading
Checks for proper base addition and repairs DNA damage
DNA Replication Daughter Strands
End result of the process, two identical daughter DNA molecules
