6 - The end of the Yorkist Dynasty 1486

1486 April:

Uprising Lord Lovell and the Stafford's.

1487 January:

Lambert Simnel possibly in Ireland

1487 16th June:

The Battle of Stoke

1487 25th November:

Elizabeth crowned

1489 28th April:

Death of the Earl of Northumberland and beginning of the Yorkshire uprising.

1491 November:

Perkin Warbeck appears Ireland.

1492 Spring/summer:

Charles VIll of France invites Perkin Warbeck to France.

1492 3 November:

The Treaty of Étaples.

1492 December:

Perkin Warbeck in Burgundy.

1493 November:

Perkin Warbeck in Austria.

1495: 16 February:

Execution of Sir William Stanley

1495 3 July:

Perkin Warbeck fails to invade via Kent

1495 July-August:

Perkin Warbeck fails at Waterford, Ireland.

1495 November:

Perkin Warbeck in Scotland

1496 September

James IV of Scotland and Perkin Warbeck invade northern England

1496 July:

Thomas, Earl of Surrey's expedition against Scotland Thomas, Earl of Surrey's expedition against Scotland

1496 October

Surrender of Perkin Warbeck

1497 June:

Rebellion in Cornwall

1499 23 November:

Execution of Perkin Warbeck.

1499 28 November:

Execution of Edward, Earl of Warwick

YORKIST OPPOSITION TO HENRY VII

how did Parliament acquiesced to his demands

his supporters were restored to positions they held before 1484 and in some cases 1471

At this stage what couldnt he do

he couldn't give away power to generate support

But he was able to elevate the positions of most loyal supporters who were

jasper Tudor (D of B), Thomas earl of derby and John Earl of C)

why did he still face a certain degree of uncertainty

Many leading families had relied on R's favours to support their interests including the de la pole, Howard and Scrope families

What was Henrys problem with the NEvilles

The Nevilles had no natural ties to the new king, their expectations were very low regarding royal patronage. Their preferred candidate for the throne was Edward, Eof W

How did HVII combat this

Eof W and Eof N were arrested

Unstable position was exacerbated by what

the Scottish border, as always, a threat to the northern countries

Scottish king had little control over the actions of his barons on the borders

What did Scotland do

Stepped up their raids unto England from 1482 and henry need a sufficiently powerful individual to combat them

Who was Henrys 1st and 2nd choice

First choice as warden of the marches was Lord Strange - wasn't up for the job

Henry had little choice but to realise Eof N, restoring the Percy family

What did HVII do to consolidate his personal authority

Henry planned to visit the north in order to consolidate his personal authority

March 1486: Henry began his progress to the north

10th April 1486: Eof N welcomed the king near Doncaster

did this work

The earl's retinue of former richardias showed the shift in loyalty to the new monarch

This encouraged other northern supporters of Richard III to follow suit e.g. Sir John Conyers

THE LOVELL REVOLTS

Easter 1486 - While henry was in the middle of his north progress, he received what news

that Lovell and Stafford (two leading opponents in the Bof Bosworth) had abandoned their sanctuary at Colchester

What were L and S doing

They raised rebellions in Richmond and the west midlands, which coincide with the welsh marches

Who dealt with the situation in the marshes

Jasper Tudor

HVII summoned his nobility - he managed to raise how many soliders

HVII summoned his nobility - he received a show of support and was able to dispatch a force of 3000 men to distribute between Ripon and Middleman

Lovell had attracted a large force from within the lordship of the Neville castles of M and R and intended to march to where

intended to march to York

Stafford revolt took place where

Stafford revolt was in Worcestershire

Stafford spread what rumours

spread rumours that the king had pardoned his attainder, possibly attempting the trick of pretending to support the king against the rebellion, but instead intending to aid Lovell

What were staffords supporters keen to do

Many of Stafford's supporters were keen to promote Eof W to the throne

What did the speed of henry getting troops show

Quickly gathered royal troops showed strength and unity and the rebels swiftly dispersed in the face of such a force

Who fled

Lovell fled and so did Stafford upon hearing the news

Where did s go

S returned to sanctuary at Culham in Berkshire

what did henry offer

Rebels were offered pardons - demonstrating H's desire for conciliation

Why was this a weakness

Writs were sent to the sheriffs of Northumberland, Cumberland and Yorkshire calling for various men to submit to the king, including Sir Thomas Broighton and Sir John Huddleston - their names reappeared in later uprisings

DEFEAT OF THE PRETENDER LAMBERT SIMNEL AT STOKE

when did this threat emerge

In January 1487 a further threat emerged.

who was he

In Dublin, a 10-year-old boy, who it claimed was Edward, Earl of Warwick, was proclaimed as King Edward VI

what was henrys response

Henry VII's response was to parade his Earl of Warwick around London and circulate the view that the Irish pretender was nothing more than an educated 10-year old boy called Lambert Simnel who came from a humble background in Oxford

what undermined his claim

What undermined the claim of Lambert Simnel was that he was originally touted as being Richard, Duke of York until seemingly being re-invented as the 'freshly escaped from the Tower of London', Earl of Warwick on reaching Ireland.

why did he pose such a threat

However, he represented a serious threat to Henry VII because of the people who supported him.

examples of those who supported him

These included Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare who was also the acting Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Burgundy, Thomas Broughton.

What happened to simnel

With their backing, Simnel was crowned King in Dublin with universal Irish backing in 24th May 1487.

THE INVASION

what was it widley belived of de la pole

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, was widely believed to have been Richard III's nominal successor after the death of Richard's only son, Edward, Earl of Salisbury.

Who was de la pole treated

nitially he was forgiven by Henry VII and became a member of his Royal Council

How did he support simnel

Whatever his motivations he arrived in Dublin in time for Simnel's coronation along with a talented German mercenary called Martin Schwarz and 2,000 men sent and paid for by Margaret of Burgundy.

when did his army invade England

Lincoln's army invaded England in Lancashire (Piel Castle) on June 4th, 1487.

How did Henry react

In England, Henry VII felt insecure enough of this threat to pardon a number of potential rebels in an effort to buy off their participation

where did jasper tudor go

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford was sent to guard the West against

Where did John de Vere, Eof O go

John de Vere, Earl of Oxford was to guard the south

Where did Henry

He himself went on a Royal progress through East Anglia before heading to Coventry

was the threat as great as intially believed

The support for the rebels wasn't as great as henry feared as his identity wasn't believed,

What could be the reason for lack in support

memories were fresh of lovels failed revolt and concern over foreign mercenaries - city of York wasn't willing to admit them.

Although the city of york didnt help them who did

York closed its gates to the rebels and received support from the Earl of Northumberland.

The rebel army headed south...

How did Lord clifford try to tackle the rebels

Lord Clifford tried to tackle the rebels on his own and persuaded them to Tadcaster, but the rebels attacked him at night and C was forced to flee to York.

who joined forces

2 days later Clifford and Eof Northumberland joined forces - set off from York aiming to join kings' forces

What did they fail to recieve

However, they hadn't received the intelligence that the two lord scropes were nearby, and when the latter attacked Y, C and NL had to swiftly return and garrison the city

how long did they stay in york for

Remained in York for a week and only left on 14th June to pursue the Scrope forces north

Where did Henrys forces go

Henry's forces headed northwards within a week of the rebel invasion. Not as quick as the rebel forces. They only arrived in Loughborough on 11th June.

whre did they aim to go

They aimed for Nottingham but failing to reach there by 13th June they set up hast quarters in a village near the city.

What did it look like henry did

Henry appeared to leave the army, but he returned with Lord strange and more troops

What did henry recive reports of and when

15th June HVII received reports that the rebels were just north of the river Trent, moved on a parallel course on the south of the river. Stopped at Radcliffe for the night but moved in early hours on 16th June reaching stoke.

BATTLE OF STOKE

battle of stoke date

Battle of Stoke June 16th, 1487

Who made the first move after joining ...

Henry VII, having joined with Jasper Tudor and the Earl of Oxford moved to meet the rebels.

Size of the forces

Lincoln's army numbered 8,000 men while Henry VII had roughly 12,000 men.

whos forces were particulrly strong

Oxfords forces were formidable enough on their own (included Eof Shrewsbury, Viscount Lisle)

How long did it last

3 hours

Initially who was strong

Initially Lincoln's men held strong but were eventually over-whelmed by Oxford's forces. The Irish soldiers were poorly equipped and were cut to pieces by Oxford's army.

who were killed

Lincoln, Schwarz, and all their leading supporters were killed along with half of their army.

What happened to lovell

Lovell's fate is unknown.

What happened to simnel

Lambert Simnel was arrested, pardoned and given a job in the Royal Household! He would later become one of Henry VIII's falconers!

What happens to Richard Symonds

as a priest, was thrown into a Church prison where he disappears from history.

attainders against rebels?

28 nobles who had supported the rebellion were attainted and had their lands confiscated

What was clear about his message

Henry VII's message was clear - rebel and you risk everything.

Overall was henry sucesfull

Henry VII had successfully seen off the threat of Lambert Simnel and John de la Pole but the fact that such a desperate scheme almost succeeded shows how fragile his hold on the throne was even two years after the battle of Bosworth.

This was to prove to be the last major battle of the Wars of the Roses.

THE YORKSHIRE UPRISING

When did henry wish to renew french war

Henry VII wished to renew war with France, in early 1489 parliament voted £100,000 to support the war.

What was teh impact of this

Resentment towards the taxation brought about extremely serious riots in Yorkshire and Durham, where residents felt they were already burdened enough with defending the border against Scotland

what did northumberland report

EofNL had to report to henry that he couldn't get the northerners to pay the tax

What was he commanded

King commanded the E to use force.

who led the unrest

Unrest was led by Yeoman Robert Chamber of Alton and began on 20th April 1489.

who provided support

fellow members of the aristocracy, Sir William Plumpton and Sir William Gascoigne provided armed support to attend him at Thirsk 27th April 1489

Who got killed and how

Eof NL met chambers men at Cock Lodge om Topcliffe where they killed the E

what did this suggest

Suggested that his retinue failed to protect him because they were former retainers of Richard III s weren't loyal.

what did it encourage

This encouraged rebels to broaden their revolt

what proclomations were made

Made proclamations to meet other rebels in either Allerton Moor or Gatherley Moor

support came from who

Hardly any support from gentry, the majority particpaiting were yeomen, husbanmen, artisans and tradesmen