Biology Intro to cells

Chapter 4: Raven's 12th edition

Compartment of areas within Eukaryotic cells

allows performing biochemical functions simultaneously

Tay-Sachs disease caused by malfunctioning___

lysosomes

Lysosomes

Organelle that breaks down biological materials

Cellular organelles

Collaborates with other organelles to accomplish overall cellular activity

Malfunctioning cellular organelles are___

not easily diagnose

How much is the diffusal if cell size is bigger

Longer Diffusal

How much is the diffusal if cell size is smaller

Shorter diffusal

Diffusion

is passive energy

Golgi Appartius

responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Lipids

• Energy Storage

• Structural Components

• Signaling Molecules

• Insulation and Protection

Nucleus

the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The synthesis and processing of proteins destined for secretion. (With Ribosomes)

Soft endoplasmic reticulum

• Lipid synthesis

• Metabolism of carbohydrates

• Detoxification of drugs and poisons

• Storage of calcium ions

Chloroplasts

• Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

• Surrounded by 2 membranes

• Have own DNA

• Thylakoids are found within the innermembranes

Cytoskeleton

• Network of protein fibers

• Supports shape

• Forms and disassembles

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

• Attached to Ribosomes to membranes

• Synthesized protein to be cremated/sent to Lysomes/plasma membranes

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

• Few Ribosomes

• Lipids horomones synthsis, store Ca²⁺, detoxification

Eukaryotic Cells

• Has Nucleus

• Membrane bound

• Larger cell size

• Dividing Mitosis

• Cell wall

  • Exception of Animal Cells

Prokaryotic cells

• No nucleus

• not membrane-bound

• Smaller

• binary fisson

• rigid cell wall

• DNA floats in cytoplasm