Axial Skeletal System

Frontal Bone

(anterior view)

Frontal Bone

(anterior view)

forms the forehead

occipital bone (skull)

back of skull

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

Mandible Bone

lower jaw bone

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

nasal bone

forms the bridge of the nose

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

Temporal Bone

bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a right and left temporal bone.

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5, third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

atlas (C1 vertebra)

supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles

Axis (C2 vertebra)

Second cervical vertebra. Works with the atlas (C1) to allow head rotation.

Sternum

The breastbone. Forms the middle of the front of the rib cage.

Divided into three parts: manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Thoracic Cage

Ribs

Sternum

Thoracic Vertebrae

Costal cartilages

Supports the shoulder girdle and upper limbs

protects the viscera

helps lungs do their thing

costal cartilage

Attaches the ribs to the sternum and is somewhat flexible allowing for expansion of the rib cage during inhalation

floating ribs

Ribs 11 and 12 that do not connect to the sternum at all.

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum or do not attach at all (Include the floating ribs)

true ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum (pairs 1-7) by means of individual externsions of costal cartilage.

Parietal Bone

(lateral view)

form most of the superior part of the skull and its lateral walls; contains the parietal lobes of the brain

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

lacrimal bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts

Vomer

nasal septum

palatine bone

either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits

Functions of the skeletal system

Support,

Storage of minerals and lipids,

Blood cell production,

Protection,

Movement (attachments for muscles)

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

vertebral foramen

opening in vertebrae through which spinal cord passes

vertebral body

thicker part of a vertebra that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column

Spinous process of vertebrae

Part of vertebrae that projects posteriorly. Location of muscle and ligament attachment sites

Transverse process of vertebra

Part of vertebrae that projects laterally. Location of muscle and ligament attacgment sites

formen magnum

large opening in base of occipital bone which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

external auditory meatus

Ear canal (part of the temporal bone) (allows sound to travel in)