quiz 7- cardiovascular system

Aorta

largest artery in the body

Apex of the heart

lower tip of the heart

Artery

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Atrium/atria

1 of 2 upper chambers of the heart

Carotid arteries

2 common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to head, neck, and brain

Diastole

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

Mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Murmur

abnormal swishing caused by improper closure of the heart valves

Pacemaker(sinoatrial node)

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

Pulmonary artery

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from heart to the lungs

Pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

1 of 2 pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Sphygmomanometer

instrument to measure blood pressure

Systemic circulation

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

Systole

contraction phase of the heartbeat

Tricuspid valve

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Vena cava/vena cavae

largest vein in the blood, superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Ventricle

1 of 2 lower chambers of the heart

Angi/o

vessel

Arter/o, arteri/o

artery

Ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

Brachi/o

arm

Cardi/o

heart

Bradycardia

slow heartbeat

Tachycardia

rapid heartbeat

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o

vein

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

arrhythmias

abnormal heart rhythms

fibrillation

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart

atrial fibrillation(AF)

electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm

palpitations

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, feeling that the heart is fluttering or pounding

watchman device

approach to prevent clots from leaving the heart, uses a catheter-based technique to place a plug-like device call in the left atrial appendage

ventricular fibrillation(VF)

electrical impulses move randomly throughout ventricles

defibrillation

brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias

congenital heart disease

abnormalities in the heart at birth

congestive heart failure(CHF)

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

coronary artery disease(CAD)

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

mitral valve prolapse(MVP)

improper closure of the mitral valve

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane(pericardium) surrounding the heart

deep vein thrombosis(DVT)

blood clot(thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

hypertension(HTN)

high blood pressure

angina(pectoris)

chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia

auscultation

listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically stethoscope

cardiac arrest

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, leading to sudden cardiac death

cardiac tamponade

pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

embolus/emboli

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

infarction

area of dead tissue

occlusion

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

palpitations

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions(PVCs)

petechiae

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

echocardiography(ECHO)

echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

cardiac catheterization

thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

electrocardiography(ECG)

recording of electricity flowing through the heart

holter monitoring

an ECG device is worn over a prolonged period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

stress test

exercise tolerance test(ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion(stress)

catheter ablation

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to ablate(remove) areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation

coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)

arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)

placement of a balloon-expandable or self-expanding aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter

AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

AED

automatic external defibrillator

AF, a-fib

atrial fibrillation

BP

blood pressure

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

ECMO

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

HTN

hypertension(high blood pressure)

ICD

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

MI

myocardial infarction

PE

pulmonary embolus

SOB

shortness of breath