Molecules To Remember Unit II

D-glyceraldehyde

Aldotriose, R

Dihydroxyacetone

Ketotriose

D-ribose

Aldopentose, RRR

D-fructose

Ketohexose, LRR

D-glucose

Aldohexose, RLRR

D-galactose

Aldohexose, RLLR

cellobiose

2 glucoses, beta(1→4)

maltose

2 glucoses, alpha(1→4)

lactose

glucose and galactose, beta(1→4)

sucrose

fructose and glucose, alpha, beta(1→2)

formic acid

methanoic acid

acetic acid

ethanoic acid

benzoic acid

carbonic acid

cellulose

structural polysaccharide, long chain of unbranched glucose, beta(1→4) linkages

amylose

energy storage carb, long chain of unbranched glucose, alpha(1→4) linkages

chitin

structural polysaccharide, monomers have nitrogen groups, beta(1→4) linkages

amylopectin and glycogen

storage carbs, long chain of branching glucoses, alpha(1→4) linkages except at branches, which are alpha(1→6)

porphyrin

imidazole

indole

pyrimidine

purine

barbituric acid

urea

beta lactam

formaldehyde

benzaldehyde

hyaluronic acid

acidic polysaccharide, joint lubricant

heparin

acidic polysaccharide, blood thinner

HDL

high density lipoproteins, transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver, considered the “good one”

LDL

low density lipoproteins, transport cholesterol from the liver to tissues, considered the “bad one”

energy storage lipids

triglycerides, stored in adipose tissue

membrane lipids

glycerophospholipids, sphingophospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, cholesterol, make up the cell membrane

emulsifying lipids

bile acids, break up lipids in digestion

messenger lipids

steroids, eicosonoids, some hormones (androgens, progestens, estrogens, corticoids), regulate the body

protective lipids

waxes, keep things out of the body