AcDec Art
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463 Terms
Which ancient historian wrote Natural History?
Pliny the Elder
What did Natural History analyze?
Art and natural phenomena
When did Pliny the Elder live?
23–79 CE
Which artist emphasized the scientific rules of color?
Georges Seurat
What technique did Seurat develop based on color theory?
Pointillism
What scientific principle influenced Seurat’s technique?
Optical mixing of colors
Where was the Crystal Palace located?
London
Why was the Crystal Palace significant?
It was a massive iron-and-glass structure built for the Great Exhibition of 1851
Who designed the Ennis House?
Frank Lloyd Wright
Around how many concrete blocks were used in its construction?
About 27,000
In which city is the Ennis House located?
Los Angeles
How can ink be made translucent?
By adding water
What art technique often uses diluted ink?
Wash drawing
What culture is known for naturalistic frescoes and unfortified palaces?
Minoan
Where was Minoan civilization centered?
Crete
What legend is associated with the Minoan palace at Knossos?
The Minotaur’s labyrinth
Who is credited with creating the first freestanding nude statue since antiquity?
Donatello
What was the subject of Donatello’s freestanding nude statue?
David
Who sculpted The Dying Slave?
Michelangelo
For whose tomb was The Dying Slave originally intended?
Pope Julius II
What is added to paint to change its consistency?
A solvent
Give an example of a solvent in oil painting.
Turpentine
Who created The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa?
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
What artistic period is Bernini associated with?
Baroque
What medium was used for The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa?
Marble
Which ancient culture is known for using hierarchical scale?
Ancient Egypt
What is hierarchical scale?
Making important figures larger than others in an artwork
On the Palette of Narmer, who appears largest?
King Narmer
Which artist lived and painted in Tahiti?
Paul Gauguin
Gauguin is most associated with which movement?
Post-Impressionism
What did Gauguin seek in Tahiti?
A “primitive” lifestyle away from European industrial society
Which psychological theories most influenced Surrealist art?
Sigmund Freud’s theories of the unconscious and dreams
What technique did Surrealists use to access the unconscious?
Automatism
Which movement came before Surrealism and influenced its style?
Dada
Who painted The Night Watch?
Rembrandt van Rijn
What century did Rembrandt paint The Night Watch?
17th century
What is notable about The Night Watch compared to traditional group portraits?
It shows dynamic movement instead of static poses.
Which artist led the group Der Blaue Reiter?
Wassily Kandinsky
What was the main artistic goal of Der Blaue Reiter?
To express spiritual truths through abstraction and color
What nationality were many members of Der Blaue Reiter?
German and Russian
In ceramics, what is slip used for?
Attaching parts like handles or spouts
What is slip made of?
Liquid clay
Which art period is known for pastel colors, romance, and light-hearted decoration?
Rococo
What architectural and decorative features define Rococo?
Ornate, playful designs with curves and asymmetry
Rococo art emerged as a reaction to which earlier style?
Baroque
Who painted The Stonebreakers?
Gustave Courbet
What art movement is Courbet most associated with?
Realism
Why was The Stonebreakers controversial at the time?
It depicted laborers with dignity instead of idealized subjects.
What printmaking process involves incising a design into a metal plate through varnish?
Etching
Etching belongs to which family of printmaking methods?
Intaglio
What substance is used to bite into the metal plate in etching?
Acid
Which artist created the painting that gave Impressionism its name?
Claude Monet
What was the title of Monet’s painting that inspired the term “Impressionism”?
Impression, Sunrise
What was the critical response to Monet’s Impression, Sunrise?
Critics mocked it, calling it unfinished, coining “Impressionism.”
What artist was known for his silkscreens of Brillo boxes?
Andy Warhol
What movement was Andy Warhol associated with?
Pop Art
What medium did Andy Warhol frequently use for mass-produced imagery?
Silkscreen printing
What is Expressionism in art?
An attempt to make the inner workings of the mind visible
What do Expressionist works often emphasize?
Strong emotion and distorted forms
Which early 20th-century movements grew out of Expressionism?
Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter
What is a fresco?
A painting done on a wall surface
What material is applied to the wall before painting a fresco?
Wet plaster
What happens when pigment is applied to wet plaster in fresco painting?
The colors bond with the wall as it dries
Who painted The School of Athens?
Raphael
What artistic period is The School of Athens from?
The Renaissance
Which two philosophers are shown at the center of The School of Athens?
Plato and Aristotle
What is the International Style of architecture?
An architectural style adhering to Bauhaus principles
What are some features of International Style architecture?
Rectilinear forms, glass curtain walls, steel or concrete construction
What art school most influenced International Style architecture?
The Bauhaus
Which non-Western prints were imitated by French artists in the late nineteenth century?
Japanese prints
What is the term for French artists imitating Japanese prints?
Japonisme
What qualities of Japanese prints influenced French artists?
Flat colors, asymmetry, and strong outlines
What is Photorealism?
An art movement aiming to replicate photographs in painting
Which artist is most associated with Photorealism in the 1960s?
Chuck Close
What technique did Chuck Close often use in his photorealistic portraits?
Grid-based enlargement of photographs
How long is the Great Wall of China?
About 2,000 miles
What was the primary purpose of the Great Wall of China?
Defense against invasions from the north
What group of artists is most associated with England in the mid-19th century?
The Pre-Raphaelites
What did the Pre-Raphaelites reject?
Academic conventions influenced by Raphael and the Renaissance
What did Pre-Raphaelite paintings emphasize?
Vivid colors, detailed realism, and literary themes
What is the etching technique?
A printmaking method where a design is incised through a layer of varnish into a metal plate
What chemical is used to bite into the plate in etching?
Acid
Where did the Persian Empire flourish?
Present-day Iran
What major architectural achievement is associated with the Persian Empire?
The palace at Persepolis
Which sculptor created most of his artwork out of stainless steel?
David Smith
What style of art is David Smith associated with?
Abstract Expressionist sculpture
What is a lithograph?
A printmaking process where an image is drawn with a waxy crayon or pencil directly on a stone or plate
What is the principle behind lithography?
Oil and water repel each other
What is Cubism?
A style where Picasso and Braque broke down form into geometric shapes and multiple perspectives
What are the two main phases of Cubism?
Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism
What type of construction uses posts and lintels?
Post-and-lintel construction
What famous Greek building used post-and-lintel construction?
The Parthenon
What prehistoric monument in England used post-and-lintel construction?
Stonehenge
Who painted Oath of the Horatii?
Jacques-Louis David
What artistic period is Oath of the Horatii associated with?
Neoclassicism
What values does Oath of the Horatii emphasize?
Duty, sacrifice, and patriotism
Which emperor had a full army of life-size clay soldiers buried with him?
Emperor Qin Shi Huang
What is the burial site of Emperor Qin called?
The Terracotta Army near Xi’an
About how many clay soldiers were buried with Emperor Qin?
Over 7,000
Which artist adopted comic book imagery in his paintings?
Roy Lichtenstein