Unit 7 Cranium

what are we centering to exit at for the PA Skull?

Glabella

What line do we want perpendicular to the IR PA skull?

OML

what is the centering for the Skull-SMV (full basal) Schuller method?

1/2” below the mandibular symphysis

We want the hyperextend the patient’s neck until what line is PARALLEL to the IR for SMV (full basal)?

IOML

The CR is perpendicular to what line for the Schuller Method -SMV full basal?

IOML

What is the centering for the Skull Trauma cross table?

2 inches above the EAM

What two lines are perpendicular to the IR for the Skull Trauma Cross table?

IOML and IP

What is the CR angle for the Trauma AP Axial Skull (Reverse Caldwell)"?

15 degrees cephalic

What is the centering for the Skull Trauma AP Axial (Reverse Caldwell)?

Nasion

What is the angle of the CR in relation to what line for the Reverse caldwell?

OML

What is the angle for the Skull Trauma AP?

Perpendicular

What is the CR parallel to for the Skull Trauma AP?

OML

What are we centering to for the Skull Trauma AP?

Glabella

If the patient is in a C collar for the Skull Trauma AP, how may we adjust the angle?

angle 10-15 caudal

For the Skull Trauma AP Axial Towne’s view, what is the CR angle when centering to the OML?

30 degrees caudad

For the Skull Trauma AP Axial Towne’s view, what is the CR angle when centering to the IOML?

37 degrees caudad

Where does the CR enter and exit for the Skull Trauma AP Axial Towne’s?

Enters 2.5 inches above the glabella and exits the foramen magnum

What is the centering for the PA Axial Caldwell for Facial Bones?

At a point exiting the nasion

What is the tube angle PER Cox and PER textbook for the PA Axial Caldwell for the Facial bones?

Per cox is 23 degrees caudad

Per Textbook is 15 degrees caudad

What is the Angle and distance for the Parietoacanthial “water” view for Facial Bones?

40 inches and Perpendicular

What is the centering for the Parietoacanthial Water View for the Facial Bones?

Exiting the acanthion

For the Parietoacanthial Water View for the Facial Bones, We want to hyperextend the neck until the OML forms what degree angle with IR?

55 degrees

What is the distance and angle for the Lateral Facial Bones?

40 inches and perpendicular

What is the centering for the Lateral Facial bones?

Center to the zygoma midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

For the Modified Parietoacanthial Facial bones, we want to adjust the patient’s head so what line forms how much of angle with the IR?

OML forms 55 degree angle with IR

What is the angle and centering for the Modified Parietoacanthial Facial bones?

Perpendicular and exits the acanthion

What does the Modified Parietoacanthial Facial bones demonstrate?

a blow-out fracture and the maxillary sinuses

What is the centering for the Facial Bones Trauma Lateral?

Center to the zygoma: halfway between the outer canthus and EAM

What should be parallel to the IR for the Facial Bones Trauma Lateral?

IOML

What is perpendicular to the IR for the PA mandible?

OML

What are we exiting at for the PA mandible?

junction of the lips

What does the PA mandible demonstrate?

Rami of the mandible

What is parallel to the IR for the mandible SMV view?

IOML

What is the centering for the Mandible SMV view?

Centered 1.5” inferior to the mental symphysis

What is the perpendicular to the IR for the PA Axial mandible?

OML

What does the PA Axial Mandible demonstrate?

The rami and condyloid processes

What is the angle for the Mandible-PA axial?

20-25 degrees cephalic

If we’re wanting to see the BODY of the mandible for the PA axial view, then what would we angle?

30 degrees

What is the CR exiting to for the PA Axial Mandible?

exit at the acanthion

What is the angle used for the AP Axial Mandible (townes)?

35 degrees caudad

What angle would we use if we want the IOML perpendicular to the IR for AP axial mandible?

42 degrees

What lines do we want perpendicular to the IR for AP Axial Mandible?

OML and can use IOML

What is the centering for the AP Axial Mandible?

1 inch superior to the glabella

What is being demonstrated for the AP Axial Mandible?

Condyloid Processes

For the Mandible Axiolateral and Axiolateral oblique, The CR is angled what for all image options?

25 cephalic from IPL/Horizontal

What position do we want the head to demonstrate the ramus of the mandible?

Head in true lateral

What position do we want the head in to demonstrate the body of the mandible?

rotation of 30 degrees

What position do we want the head in to demonstrate the mentum of the mandible?

rotation of 45 degrees

For the Zygomatic Arch, how do we want to position the head and chin?

Rotate the head 15* towards side to be examined, and Tilt the chin 15* towards the side of interest

What line is parallel to the IR for Zygomatic Arch?

IOML

What is the centering for the TMJ Law method?

½ inch below anterior and 2 inches superior the side of the EAM

What is the angle for the TMJ Law Method?

25-30 degrees caudad

The TMJ Law method series performs a view with the mouth closed and open. Where is the condyle for the mouth closed?

Condyle within the mandibular fossa

The TMJ Law method series performs a view with the mouth closed and open. Where is the condyle for the mouth open ?

Condyle moves to the anterior margin of the mandibular fossa

What is the angle for the TMJ Modified Law method?

15 degrees caudad

What is the centering for the TMJ Modified Law method?

1.5” superior to the EAM

What is the angle for the TMJ AP Axial view for the OML?

35 degrees caudad for the OML

What is the angle for the TMJ AP Axial view for the IOML?

42 degrees for the IOML

What is the centering for the TMJ AP Axial view?

3 inches above the nasion

What is the centering for the PA oblique Orbit-Rhese Method?

1” superior and 1” posterior to the EAM

Flex the neck of the Orbits-Modified Water’s until what line forms a what degrees with the IR?

OML forms 50 degree angle

What is the centering for the Orbits modified water’s

Mid-orbit

Where are the petrous ridges for the Orbits modified waters?

Below the orbits