Psychotherapy Lectures

behaviour therapy

focus on factors thought to maintain behaviours. Therapist helps actively change behaviour.

SORC model

S - situation

O - person/organism

R - reaction/behaviour

C - consequences

psychodynamic therapy

modern form of psychoanalytic treatment. explore unconcious aspects of the self.

drive theory

our lives are shaped by two drives

1. life instinct (eros)

2. death instinct (thanatos)

id

unconscious part of the psyche containing instinctual and biological urges

super ego

internalized societal standards, responsible for upholding moral values

ego

mediates between the id and the super ego. seeking the satify id's desires in a apporpriate way

repression

unconscious blocking or forgetting of distressing thoughts, memories, or feelings. aims to protect the ego from overwhelming guilt or anxiety.

denial

refusing to accept reality or facts to avoid emotional pain or distressing consequences. often used to protect against anxiety, guilt, or loss

projection

attriubting one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives onto another person. a way to externalize internal conflict by perceiving it in others instead of oneself

client-centered therapy

the individual has personal help resources at their disposal. the therapist creates a climate to facilitate the power of these help resources.

core conditions for therapeutic change

empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence

empathy

the ability to understand and feel the client's world form their view

unconditional positive regard

deep and nonjudgemental acceptance of the client

congruence

authenticity and genuineness of the therapist

actualizing tendency

the drive in every organism to develop to it's full potential and move towards growth, fulfillment, and self-actualization

therapist responsiveness (TR)

the therapist does and says the right thing at the right time

disengagement

letting go of outdated assumptions that no longer fit

socratic questioning

asking structured, purposeful questions to help individuals examine the validity of their thoughts, beliefs and assumptions.

pie chart technique

helps people visually reevaluate their beliefs, especially when they hold extreme thoughts about things

behavioural experiments

test the truth of unhelpful thoughts or beliefs by experimenting in real life.

family therapy

views the family as the primary unit and sees interactions between individuals as key.

part of a system

change in one part of the system will cause changes in other parts of the system. change can affect relationships

general system theory

when families experience disruption (change), members strive to regain homeostasis

circular causality

family members mutually influence each other in a continuous cycle. the effect can influence the original cause, creating a feedback loop

family life cycle

families go through different stages and changes over time. the families have to adapt to the new situations. how this is done depends on context but also on earlier developments

constructivism

families all have a different perspective on reality

score-15

questionnaire all family members fill out. look at the differences between the awnsers

epistemology

rules and conceptual framework for understanding reality

multi family therapy

for traumatized people in families. in interaction together they see how other families communicate and solve conflicts

emotionally focused therapy

partner therapy for couples that have a trauma

group culture

what is normal in the group, what is expected

group roles

a recognizable combination of behaviours that group members will associate with a certain member of the group over time

dysfunctional, challenging roles

if someone cannot step out of their role anymore, it can become dysfunctional

scape goat

person to who the other persons vent their frustrations

task leader

takes responsibility to carry out tasks

emotional leader

provides a good working environment

deviant

critic, often advocate for change

introduction phase (in gt)

the group is depending on guidance of the group leader

authority crisis

the whole group starts to disagree with the therapist

affectionate/inclusion phase (in gt)

members start to determine how they like to interact with each other. group is able to guard the safety, thus requires less of the group leader.

intimacy crisis

not sure how the others will react when I open up about my personal feelings

reciprocity phase (in ct)

group becomes more autonomous, group members can work on their own goals. therapist has a more laid-back role

seperation crisis

group members wonder whether they have achieved enough to be able to move forward on their own

final phase (in gt)

uncertainty. departure of members will induce seperation crisis.

opposition

opposition to the content the therapist asks of you

resistance

a miss match between the patient and therapist

attractive

having things in common with the patient

legitimate power

patient accepts your influence attempts. you are seen as an expert, trustworhty and attractive

transference focused psychotherapy (TFP)

focuses on the unconcious redirection of feelings from past relationships onto the therapist. helps integrate split perceptions into a more realistic and stable view of self and others

dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)

combines acceptance and change. focus on managing crisises, reducing self-destructive behaviours, and improving quality of life.

mentalization based treatment (MBT)

focuses on the ability to understand your own and other's behaviours to achieve stability of affect and impulses

schema therapy

negative schemas develop due to unmet emotional needs in childhood. the goal is to heal early maladaptive schemas and reduce the power of dysfunctional modes

schema mode

the various emotional states and coping styles that a person experiences in response to activated schemas

borderline personality disorder (BPD)

a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects and marked impulsivity.

acute symptoms

impulsivity, self-injurious, and reckless behaviour

temperamental symptoms

poor-self esteem, distrust, etc.

early maladaptive schemas (EMS)

due to unmet emotional needs in childhood. are automatically activated by triggers.

empirically supported treatments (ESTs)

treatments which are repeatedly better than other pharmacological treatments or waiting list conditions