Chapter 3

South Atlantic System

A new agricultural and commercial order that produced sugar, tobacco, rice, and other tropical and subtropical products for an international market.

Quakers

members of the Society of Friends, believed God spoke directly to each individual

Salutary neglect

British colonial policy of relaxing supervision of colonial affairs, gave rise to American self-government

land banks

An institution, established by a colonial legislature, that printed paper money and lent it to farmers, taking a lien on their land to ensure repayment.

Tribalization

The adaptation of stateless peoples to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states.

John Locke

wrote Two Treatises of Government, rejected divine right of monarchy, natural rights

Middle Passage

The brutal sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that took the lives of nearly two million enslaved Africans.

Dominion of New England

A royal province created by King James II, formed a single, vast colony, eliminated assemblies

Navigation acts

Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade

Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England, hard-edged former military leader

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. He was given land as a repayment of debt owed to his father

William Byrd II

Sent to England to study, but rejected as a "colonial"; denied a post in the Board of Trade; denied as governor of Virginia thrice; eventually moved back to Virginia and lived life lavishly on the governor's council.

patronage

power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supporters

Covenant Chain

An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies

gentility

those of gentle birth; high social class; refinement; quality of being genteel

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

constitutional monarchy

A system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law.

proprietorship

A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group, who then set up a form of government largely independent from royal control.

Glorious Revolution

After Charles II died James II took power, and Parliament hated him because they feared he would make England strictly Catholic. Parliament made a plan to get rid of him by inviting his daughter Mary (married to William the Prince of the Netherlands) to rule, without James II permission. They were both Protestant, and agreed. When the time came James II fled to France. It was a bloodless, no war, revolution, hence the name. Parliament became more powerful than the Monarchy, and English citizens were happy with there government.

Second Hundred Years’ War

An era of warfare beginning with the War of the League of Augsburg in 1689 and lasting until the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. In that time, England fought in seven major wars; the longest era of peace lasted only twenty-six years.

William of Orange

A staunchly Protestant Dutch prince who was married to James II's Protestant daughter, Mary Stuart, and was at the head of the Protestant invading army during the Glorious Revolution

Jacob Leisler

A Dutchman from New York that led the rebellion against the Dominion of New England

Robert Walpole

Whig Leader in the House of Commons from 1720-1742