AP World History Unit 2

Unit 2 vocab

Silk Road

a vast network of ancient trade routes connecting the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods like silk, spices, and porcelain from Asia to the Middle East and Europe, and items like horses and glassware from the West to the East

Caravanserai

an inn or rest stop for travelers and merchants along trade routes

Indian Ocean trade network

an extensive system of maritime trade routes connecting East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, which facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas

Chinese Junk Ships

a type of traditional sailing vessel originating in East Asia, characterized by a high stern, a prominent bow, and fully battened sails that can be adjusted with a simple pulling system (CARRIES LOTS OF GOODS)

Indian dhow ships

a traditional sailing vessel from the Indian Ocean region known for its lateen sails and wooden hull

Lateen Sail

a large, triangular sail mounted at an angle on a long yard, caught monsoon winds

Swahili civilization

a collection of independent city-states on Africa's East African coast, flourishing from the 8th to the 16th century, that was central to Indian Ocean trade

Zheng He

Chinese explorer who led massive maritime expeditions for the Ming Dynasty between 1405 and 1433

Trans-Saharan Trade Route

connected sub-Saharan West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean. It was crucial for exchanging goods, most famously gold from Africa for salt from the Sahara, but also ivory, enslaved people, textiles, and horses

Mali

a key 1200-1450 empire that became wealthy from controlling the Trans-Saharan trade routes, especially for gold and salt

American Web

the name for the interconnected network of trade and commerce in the pre-Columbian Americas, which linked regions like Mesoamerica and the Andes

Pochecta

a special, hereditary class of long-distance merchants in the Aztec Empire who were crucial to its economy and security

Chaco Phenomenon

a major pre-Columbian society that flourished in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, from about 860 to 1130 C.E

Chinggis-Khan

Genghis Khan (born Temujin) is key as the founder of the Mongol Empire

Karakorum

capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan and his immediate successors

Ortughs

state-approved merchant associations in the Mongol Empire that pooled resources to protect themselves from the costs of failed caravans and to limit losses

Pax Mongolica

refers to the period of peace and stability in the 13th and 14th centuries under the Mongol Empire, which significantly facilitated trade and cultural exchange across Eurasia

Khanates

four successor states that emerged after the fragmentation of the vast Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan, ruled by his descendants

Yuan Dynasty

a period of Mongol rule over China, founded by Kublai Khan

Ming Dynasty

dynasty significant for its political stability, cultural achievements, and maritime exploration

Golden Horde

a Mongol khanate, or a state ruled by a Mongol leader, that dominated parts of Eastern Europe and Asia from the 13th to the 16th centuries

Tsar Ivan I

1st Tsar of Russia (crazy)