Heart Anatomy and Function

Base

1

Bicuspid Valve

1

Apex

2

Superior Vena Cava

5

Aorta

6

Pulmonary Trunk

7

Ventricular Wall

10

Septum

9

Interatrial Septum

13

Interventricular Septum

9

Inferior Vena Cava

11

Coronary Sinus

12

Atrial Wall

8

Auricles

1

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

2

Left Pulmonary Veins

2

Right Pulmonary Veins

3

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus

4

Coronary Sulcus

3

Atrioventricular Groove

3

Mediastinum

5

Intercostal Space

4

Midsternal Line

3

Pericardium

9

Fibrous Pericardium

1

Parietal Layer of Serous Pericardium

2

Pericardial Cavity

3

Pericardial Fluid

Inside 3

Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium

4

Epicardium

5

Myocardium

6

Endocardium

7

Pectinate Muscle

3

Papillary Muscles

2

Trabeculae Carnae

1

Sinoatrial Node

1

Atrioventricular Node

2

His Bundle

3

Purkinje Fibers

4

Atrioventricular Valves

1/2

Cusps

Thin flaps of tissue in the valves of heart

Mitral Valve

1

Bicuspid Valve

Between LV/LA

Tricuspid Valve

2

Fibrous Skeleton

3

Chordae Tendoneae

4

Semilunar Valves

4/5

Aortic Valve

4

Pulmnary Valve

5

Superior Vena Cava - Function

Brings deoxygenated blood from superior to the diaphragm into the RA

Left Atrium - Function

Pumps oxygenated blood into the LV

Right Atrium - Function

Pumps deoxygenated blood into the RV

Aorta - Function

Brings oxygenated blood out of the LV to the rest of the body

Pulmonary Trunk - Function

Brings deoxygenated blood from RV to the lungs

Ventricular Wall - Function

3x thicker than atrial wall due to more required force

Septum - Function

Membrane between left and right sides of heart

Interarterial Septum - Function

Separates atria and provides support for pumping

Interventricular Septum - Function

Separates ventricles and provides support for pumping

Left Ventricle - Function

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for the rest of the body

Right Ventricle - Function

Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary trunk for the lungs

Inferior Vena Cava - Function

Brings deoxygenated blood from inferior to the diaphragm into the RA

Coronary Sinus - Function

Brings deoxygenated blood from coronoary circulation into the RA

Atrial Wall - Function

Auricles - Function

Small appendages that store a small volume of blood; expand to decrease pressure during diasole

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus - Function

Groove separating LV and RV

Left Pulmonary Veins - Function

Bring oxygenated blood from left lung to the LA

Right Pulmonary Veins - Function

Bring oxygenated blood from right lung to the LA

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus - Function

Division between LV and RV on the posterior side

Coronary Sulcus - Function

Divides atria and ventricles; carries blood vessels that supply the myocardium; AKA Atrioventricular groove

Atrioventricular Groove - Function

Divides atria and ventricles; carries blood vessels that supply the myocardium; AKA Coronary Sulcus

Myocardium - Function

Muscle of the heart

Mediastinum - Function

Space between the lungs

Pericardium - Function

Three walled sac that protects the heart; Fibrous pericardium, Serous pericardium, Pericardial cavity

Fibrous Pericardium - Function

Dense connective tissue; protects heart, anchors heart, prevents overfilling

Parietal Layer of Serous Pericardium - Function

Adheres to the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

Pericardial Cavity - Function

Contains pericardial fluid

Pericardial Fluid - Function

Non-compressible fluid to protect heart and lubricate movement

Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium - Function

Encapsulates the organ; AKA Epicardium

Endocardium - Function

Encapsulates the organ; AKA Visceral Layer of Serious Pericardium; Lined with endothelial cells

Myocardium

The heart muscle cells

Endocardium - Function

Lines the chambers and valves of the heart; Lined with endothelial cells

Pectinate Muscle - Function

Increase contraction power in the atria

Papillary Muscles - Function

Anchor the AV valves in the ventricles and control their opening/closing

Trabeculae Carnae

Ridges of muscle that increase contraction power in the ventricles

Sinoatrial Node - Function

Main pacemaker for the heart; Electrical impulse begins here

Atrioventricular Node - Function

Transition point for the electrical impulse to spread to the ventricles from the atria

His Bundle - Function

Transmits the electrical impulse into the ventricles; Branches into Purkinje fibers

Purkinje Fibers - Function

Spread the electrical impulse through the ventricles

Steps of Conduction - Function

SA node -> Atria -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers -> Ventricles

Vagus Nerve - Function

Parasympathetic nerve that slows the heart rate

Sympathetic NS - Function

Nervous system that accelerates the HR

Parasympathetic NS - Function

Nervous system that deccelerates the HR

Coronary Circulation - Function

Supplies heart muscle with blood; supplied by aorta; drained by coronary sinus

Right/Left Coronary Arteries - Function

Bring oxygenated blood to the right/left sides of the heart

Atrioventricular Valves - Function

Separate the ventricles and atria; Prevent backflow of blood into the atria during contraction

Cusps - Function

Flaps of endocardium that fill with blood and block valves

Mitral Valve - Function

Separates LA/LV; Has two cusps; AKA Bicuspid

Bicuspid Valve - Function

Separates LA/LV; Has two cusps; AKA Mitral Valve

Tricuspid Valve - Function

Separates RA/RV; Has three cusps

Atrialventricular Groove - Function

Dense connective tissue between atria and ventricles; Anchors valve cusps; Prevents overdilation; Blocks direct spread of electrical signals from atria to ventricles