Logique - Synthèse

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Description and Tags

Synthèses sur quelques notions de logique

Logic

23 Terms

1

¬

négation(non)

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2

disjonction (ou)

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3

conjonction(et)

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4

implication (si...alors...)

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5

équivalence (...si et seulement si ...)

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6

Tautologie

Une formule toujours vraie

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7

L'équivalence entre formules

Ф1 ⇔ Ф2 => une tautologie

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8

pour tout

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9

il existe

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10

La contraposée de P⇒Q

¬Q ⇒ ¬P

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11

La réciproque de P⇒Q

Q ⇒ P

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12

Prouver que la formule Ф est fausse

Prouver que ¬Q est vrai

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13

Preuve par induction de P(x)

Case de base P(0)

Cas général: P(n) = P(n+1)

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14

Un ensemble

Une connection d'objet appelés éléments

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15

Un ensemble en extension

Les éléments distingués explicitement. Ex: {a,b}

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16

Un ensemble en compréhension

formules qui décrit exactement les éléments de l'ensemble. Ex: {x | P(x)}

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17

f: A → B, f est injective

∀ a1,a2 € A; f(a1)=f(a2) ⇒ a1=a2

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18

f: A → B, f est surjective

∀ b € B, ∃ a € A f(a)= b

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19

Surjective

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20

Injective

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21

¬(P⇒Q)

P ∧ ¬Q

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22

√(x)=y

(y²= x ∧ y ≥ 0 )

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23

F est croissante

∀a,b ∈ Dom f, a≤b →f(a)≤f(b)

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