mastery list for mexico and the drug war

Conuco	Caribbean Labor/Farming	The Indigenous Taíno agricultural system of small, fertile mound gardens used in the Caribbean.
The Virgin of Guadalupe	Religion/Conversion	The Indigenous manifestation of the Virgin Mary; a powerful conversion symbol due to her non-European appearance and location (Tepeyac).
Francisco Tenamaztle	Indigenous Resistance	A Caxcan leader in the Mixtón War who led a major revolt against Spanish labor and oppression in Nueva Galicia.
Pedro de Alvarado	Conquest Figure	Brutal lieutenant of Cortés; responsible for the Fiesta of Tóxcatl Massacre and played a major role in the Mixtón War.
Presidio	Frontier Institutions	A military fort/garrison established by the Spanish to protect missions and the Camino Real in the northern frontier.
Juan de Oñate	Conquest Figure	Conquistador who established the first Spanish colony in New Mexico; his extreme brutality (e.g., at Acoma Pueblo) fueled later Indigenous resistance (Pueblo Revolt).
Pedro de Gante	Spiritual Conquest	One of the first Franciscan friars; founded the crucial Texcoco school to educate the sons of the Indigenous nobility.

Quetzalcoatl

The "Feathered Serpent" god of winds, air, learning, and arts; widely worshiped across Mesoamerica.

Anahuac

The Nahuatl term for the Valley of Mexico or the land/cosmos around Lake Texcoco, the heart of the Aztec world.

Conuco

The Indigenous Taíno agricultural system of small, fertile mound gardens used in the Caribbean.

Cabildo

The Spanish municipal council or town government, used as the primary form of local self

Repartimiento

The mandatory labor draft system that replaced the Encomienda, managed by Crown officials for a small wage.

Cabeza de Vaca

Spanish explorer shipwrecked in Texas; his stories led to the myth of the Seven Cities of Cíbola.

Moros y Cristianos

A Spanish dramatic play depicting the expulsion of the Moors; a tool used by friars for conversion/indoctrination.

The Virgin of Guadalupe

The Indigenous manifestation of the Virgin Mary; a powerful conversion symbol due to her non

Francisco Tenamaztle

A Caxcan leader in the Mixtón War who led a major revolt against Spanish labor and oppression in Nueva Galicia.

Pedro de Alvarado

Brutal lieutenant of Cortés; responsible for the Fiesta of Tóxcatl Massacre and played a major role in the Mixtón War.

Presidio

A military fort/garrison established by the Spanish to protect missions and the Camino Real in the northern frontier.

Juan de Oñate

Conquistador who established the first Spanish colony in New Mexico; his extreme brutality (e.g., at Acoma Pueblo) fueled later Indigenous resistance (Pueblo Revolt).

Pedro de Gante

One of the first Franciscan friars; founded the crucial Texcoco school to educate the sons of the Indigenous nobility.