Exam 3 Questions Western Art History

Bosh was an artist from where?

Flanders

Bosh’s Garden of Earthly delights Triptych was created in Flanders at the same time what was being made in Italy?

Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Celling

Given that the Garden of Earthly delights Triptych is a Flemish work of art, what do you expect to find in this piece?

Lots of minute details, and expert description of surfaces

The left panel of the Garden of Earthly delights Triptych depicts what? 

The garden of Eden 

In Bosh’s depiction of God presenting Eve to Adam, next to Eve Bosh placed what?

A rabbit which symbolizes lust

What characteristics do Bosh’s Adam display?

He does not display idealized musculature, nor contrapposto arrangement of forms, nor the ancient Greece Belvedere Torso as a source of inspiration 

Bosh, like Jan Van Eyck, depicts the fons vitae, a fountain symbolizing God as the source of eternal life. How does Bosh’s image of the fons vitae differ from Jan Van Eyck’s? 

Bosh’s resembles forms of gothic architecture, Bosh’s is made up of plant-like structures that form a grinning face, and Bosh includes an owl a symbol of wicked or perverted wisdom 

In the scene in the Garden of Earthly delights Triptych with the nude in the pool surrounded by nude men riding animals, what do the animals signify? 

The fact that the young men, in their lustful pursuit of the women, are being driven by the physical impulses that humans share with animals 

Compared the figures in Michelangleo’s art, the figures in Bosh’s Garden of Earthly delights Triptych are…?

Not at all influenced by classical nudes

What does the panel on the right of Bosh’s Garden of Earthly delights Triptych have in common with the depiction of Hell in Giotto’s Last Judgement? 

Subject matter 

What does Bosh’s depiction of hell NOT demonstrate? 

Bosh’s intrest in the idealized beauty Greco-Roman classicalism 

Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s is an example of what?

16th century Flemish art

The subject of Peasant Dance is what?

Peasants dancing and drinking at a village festival

Compared of Bruegel’s Peasant Dance, Titian’s Bacchanal on the Island of Andros is what…?

More idealized

According to 16th century Dutch author Karl Van Mander, what reaction did Bruegel’s paintings of peasants provoke in the viewer? 

The viewer will laugh at the peasants course behavior 

What term refers to “the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of another person”?

empathy

What aspect of Bruegel’s Peasant Dance suggests that he empathized with the peasants who are the subject of this painting?

The fact that Bruegel shows some of the peasants interacting in tender, loving ways towards each other, making the best of what they can of a tough life

Caravaggio was from where?

Italy

Iconographically, Caravaggio’s Bacchus is most closely related to what piece we previously studied?

Titian’s Bacchanal on the Island of Andros

The subject of Bacchus is what?

The ancient Greco-Roman God of inebriation and physical desire

Typical of the art of Caravaggio, the figure of Bacchus in this painting seems to be modeled on what?

A young man that Caravaggio bumped into on the street, and dressed up as Bacchus in his studio

What does Caravaggio’s figure of Bacchus have in common with Masacio’s Trinity figure of the Virgin Mary? 

Both figures turn towards and address the viewer of the painting 

The rotten fruit and dirty fingernails in the painting Bacchus are an example of what…? 

Realism 

The rotten fruit and dirty fingernails in the Bacchus are a stylistic link to what? 

Bruegel’s Peasant Dance 

Caravaggio’s art was considered shocking by many of his contemporaries. Why might a viewer have found Caravaggio’s Bacchus more discomforting, or even scandalous than Titan’s Bacchanal on the Island of Andros?

Because Caravaggio does not set his scene in a remote, idealized world of classical myth, but in the realm of real, everyday human life

Both Caravaggio’s The Inspiration of Saint Matthew (First and second version) where made for what? 

A private chapel in a Roman Church 

The subject of both The Inspiration of Saint Matthew painting is what?

St.Matthew writing the gospel of St.Matthew

The first version of The Inspiration of Saint Matthew can only be seen in a black and white photograph because…?

The paining was destroyed by bombings during WWII

Why did Caravaggio paint a 2nd version of this painting for the same altar? 

The priests at the chruch where this painting was located were opposed to it 

What does The Inspiration of Saint Matthew have in common with Jan Van Eyck’s Ghent Altar piece?

Both are altarpieces 

In the first version of The Inspiration of Saint Matthew the face of St.Matthew most closely resembles…? 

The face of the bagpipe playing person in Bruegel’s Peasant Dance 

What is the point that comes across when comparing Caravaggio’s The Inspiration of Saint Matthew two versions to a set of professionalism guidelines for a job interview?  

When Caravaggio painted the first version of this painting, he broke a code of proper decorum for proper depiction of religious subjects, similar to the code of decorum applied to job interview etiquette 

What passage was written my St.Mattew (the same saint in Caravaggio’s painting) which may help us understand the humble, un-idealized way in which Caravaggio painted Matthew in these two paintings? 

“Many shall be last who are now first, and many who are now last shall be first” 

Loreto is…? 

A town near Jerusalem 

The two figures in the lower right of Madonna di Loreto are?

Pilgrims adorning the Virgin and Child

In his Lives of modern Painters, Sculptors, and Architects Giovanni Pietro Bellori compares idealism in art to what?  

The perfection of celestial objects above the moon 

When we compare Bellori’s concept of distinction of the earthly and celestial realms to pair of sandwiches one moldy and one not; the point is that in pre-modern science, Earthly realm is…?   

The moldy sandwich 

In his Lives of modern Painters, Sculptors, and Architects Giovanni Pietro Bellori criticizes Caravaggio and his followers for what? 

Not idealizing the figures in their paintings 

Bellori criticizes Caravaggio for not learning from, and imitating, which artist? 

Raphael 

The las major European art movement to develop within a cultural environment dominated by christian, subjects, stories, and values was what? 

Baroque 

Artemisia Gentileschi has the disiction of being…? 

the first female member of a euproean art academy  

The foundation of European Art Academies, beginning with the Florentine academy founded by Vassari in 1563 is an indication of….? 

An increase in the social status of artists and a more theoretical training 

The iconography of Judith Beheading Holofernes derives from the…?

Old testament

What artistic technique associated with Caravaggio does Judith Beheading Holofernes make use of? 

Tenebrism 

Artemisia’s gory treatment of the subject matter of Judith Beheading Holofernes is an example of realism associated with who?  

Caravaggio 

The dramatic facial expressons and dramatic lighting in Judith Beheading Holofernes are characteristic of what art-historical period? 

Baroque 

The artistic style of the 1600’s is called what?

Baroque

What do most paintings of Judith Beheading Holofernes that were made by male artists in the Renaissance and Baroque periods have in common with the older Star Wars poster we have been discussing in class?

Both depict a sexualized female figure, in a way designed to gratify the viewer’s sexual desires

What does Artmisia’s version of Judith Beheading Holofernes have in common with the newer of the 2 star wars posters we have been discussing? 

Both are expressions of female agency, because they show a woman in an active rather than passive role 

In the readings you read this week, feminist historians Griselda Pollock and Mary Garrad disagree over what?

Whether Artmisia’s gender and sexual history should influence discussions of her art

What makes Bernini’s David a work of art that is characteristically Baroque rather than Renaissance in style?

The figure’s dramatic action

Bernini’s masterpiece the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is located where?

A side chapel in the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome

The subject of the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is what?

The mystical experience of a female saint

What group of people is depicted in carved balconies on ether side of this chapel?

Members of the family that owned this chapel

What is NOT a characteristic of baroque art?

Stable, symmetrical compositional arrangements

The artist (Peter Paul Rubens) who The raising of the Cross was from where?

Flanders

The raising of the Cross is an altarpiece in a church where?

Antwerp

The subject of The raising of the Cross derives from what?

The new testament

Rubens is a Northern European artist known for what? 

Combining Italian and Flemish stylistic influences 

What ancient staute that we perviously studied influenced Rubens in his The raising of the Cross?

The Laocoon Group

In designing the figures that are raising the cross in The raising of the Cross Ruben seems to be inspired by what? 

Michelangleo’s The Last Judgment 

What aspect of Ruben’s The raising of the Cross was likely inspired by Caravaggio? 

The strong contrast between light and shade 

What aspect of Ruben’s The raising of the Cross was likely inspired by Flemish Art?

The minute details and naturalistic deception of surfaces and textures

What aspect of Ruben’s The raising of the Cross is characteristic of Baroque art?

The diagonal arrangement of forms

The artist who made Christ Preaching was from where?

The Netherlands

The 1st book ever printed was what?

The Bible

Rembrandt’s Christ Preaching is an example of what type of print? 

Etching 

What print technique involves covering a metal plate in wax, incising lines, then emerging the plate in vat of acid, to produce minute grooves when the metal is exposed?

Etching

Rembrandt left the figures on the left side of Christ Preaching unfinished, why?

To demonstrate his etching technique and make the image more collectable 

On the idealism/realism spectrum Rembrandt is closer to artists like..? 

Brueghel and Caravaggio 

What does Christ Preaching have in common with the painting Peasant Dance?

Both depict poor people in a realistic way 

What does Joachim Von Sandrart in his biography of Rambrandt?

Rambrandt did not travel Italy or study Italian art, he didn’t study ancient Greco-Roman art, and he spent time with people of the lower class 

Our analysis of Joachim Von Sandrart’s comment about Rambrandt suggest what? 

In European art, there was a divide between those who favored the ideal classically influenced art style, and a grittier more realistic style of art   

What characteristic suggests Rembrandt’s empathic character? 

The sensitivity with which he depicts the poor and sick people gathered around Christ

In the 18th century, the center of European artistic life shifted from where to where?

from Italy to France

In discussions of Euproean history, the term ancien regime refers to what? 

The European political order before the French revolution 

Which social class benefitted the most from the French political order of ancien regime?

The French Aristocracy

With what 18th century socio-politcal group is the Rococo style most associated with?

The French Aristocracy

Francois Boucher who painted The Toilet of Venus was…?

A professor of painting at the French Royal Academy of Painting

The Toilet of Venus was made for the dressing room of who?

The mistress of the King of France

The social and ethical values signified by this painting are most closely associated with what ?

The French Aristocracy

The artist Jean-Honore Fragonard who made The Swing was a student of who…? 

Boucher 

The scene of The Swing, like most works of French Rococo art, takes place in…?

A garden

Fragonard’s The Swing, like most works of French Rococo art, was made for?

A member of the French Aristocracy

The humorous, mischievous eroticism of this painting is a characteristic The Swing share with what?

The Hellenistic Greek Aphrodite, Pan, and Eros

What does Salon de la Princesse mean?

“Room of the Princess”

The Salon de la Princesse is a room located in a building in which city?

Paris, France

In French, the term hotel means?

A large, opulent town house, usually belonging to an aristocrat

The Salon de la Princesse belonged to?

A member of the French aristocracy  

The style of architecture Salon de la Princesse is what?

Rococo

The paintings is Salon de la Princesse were made by who?

Francois Boucher

Compared to Baroque-style architectural, Rococo ornament is? 

Lighter and more playful

What structure does the Portico of Jefferson’s Monticello most closely resemble?

The Parthenon, in Greece

What dome structure does Jefferson’s Monticello most closely resemble?

The Pantheon 

The late eighteenth-century artistic movement known as neo-classicalism takes what as it’s source for artistic subject matter and style?

Ancient Greeco-Roman art

Compared to Rococo architectural ornament, Neo-classicalsim ornament is? 

More austere and sober 

What change began to occur in Europe and America in the decades leading up to the French and American revolutions? 

An influential group of people stopped being primarily concerned with getting into heaven and stated to focus on how to improve life on earth through political and scientific progress   

Thomas Jefferson was the author of what?

The Declaration of Independence

What characteristic of the passage from the Declaration of Independence that we discussed in lecture, and the ideals of the 18th-century philosophers?

Belief in the possibility of improving conditions of life for all people, and the value of individual freedom 

Thomas Jefferson created a version of the Christian Bible which omits what? 

References to supernatural phenomena and Jesus’s divinity