Grade 12 Data Management Exam Review

Probability is

a measure of the likelihood of an outcome occurring

An outcome is

1 possible result of an experiment

Outcomes are

All of the possible results of an experiment

A probability experiment is

An action that has a minimum of 2 possible outcomes

A trial is a

step in probability experiment in which an outcome is produced & tallied

Experimental probability is

the probability of an outcome found using P(A)= n(A)/n(T)

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The formula P(A)= n(A)/n(T) is for

experiment probability

In the formula P(A)= n(A)/n(T)

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n(T) shows

the number of total trials

In the formula P(A)= n(A)/n(T)

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n(A) shows

the number of times event ‘A’ happened

In the formula P(A)= n(A)/n(T)

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P(A) shows

the probability of outcome A happening

Subjective Probability is

an estimate that is based on opinion & is ranged from 0 to 1

A sample space is

a collection of all possible outcomes

A sample space can also be known as

a sample set

An even is

a set of outcomes that have a common characteristic

A simple event is

an event that has exactly 1 outcome

Theoretical probability is

the ratio of the number of outcomes to the total number of outcomes possible

The formula for theoretical probability is

P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

In the formula P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

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n(A) shows

the number of ways even A can happen

In the formula P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

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P(A) shows

the probability of even A happening

In the formula P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

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n(S) shows

the total number of possible outcomes in the sample space

In a deck of 52 cards there are _ types of suit cards

4 suits (Heart, Diamond, Spade, Clover)

In a deck of 52 cards there are _ red cards

26 red cards

In a deck of 52 cards there are _ black cards

26 black cards

In a deck of 52 cards there are _ card in each suit

13 cards of each type of suit

In a deck of 52 cards there are _ face cards cards

12 face cards (Jack, King, Queen)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 2 on 2 six-sided dice?

1 (1+1)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 3 on 2 six-sided dice?

2 (1+2) & (2+1)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 4 on 2 six-sided dice?

3 (2+2) & (3+1) & (1+3)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 5 on 2 six-sided dice?

4 (1+4) & (4+1) & (2+3) & (3+2)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 6 on 2 six-sided dice?

5 (1+5) & (5+1) & (2+4) & (4+2) & (3+3)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 7 on 2 six-sided dice?

6 (1+6) & (6+1) & (2+5) & (5+2) & (3+4) & (4+3)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 8 on 2 six-sided dice?

5 (2+6) & (6+2) & (3+5) & (5+3) & (4+4)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 9 on 2 six-sided dice?

4 (3+6) & (6+3) & (5+4) & (4+5)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 10 on 2 six-sided dice?

3 (5+5) & (6+4) & (4+6)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 11 on 2 six-sided dice?

2 (5+6) & (6+5)

How many possible outcomes are there for the sum of 12 on 2 six-sided dice?

1 (6+6)

A complementary even is

all of the outcomes that are not part of A & are A’

A’ means

A prime

The formula for A Prime is

P(A’)= 1-P(A)

The ratio for odds in favour of A is

favourable outcomes : unfavourable outcomes

The ration for odds against A is

unfavourable outcomes “ favourable

There are _ numbers in the roulette wheel

36 numbers & 2 zeros

There are _ red slots in the roulette wheel

18

There are _ black slots in the roulette wheel

18

A simulation is

an experiment that models an actual event

A simulator is

a tool that can be used to give a real-life experiment

A Venn Diagram is

a diagram that is represented by shaded or coloured shapes

Mutually exclusive events are

events that can’t happen at the same time

Non-mutually exclusive events are

events that can happen at the same time

The symbol for ‘and’ is

The symbol for ‘or’ is

The formula for non-mutually exclusive events is

The formula for non-mutually exclusive events is

Independent events are

2 events where 1 event does not influence the other event

Dependent events are

2 events where 1 event does influence the other event

Compound events are

multiple events in a probability experiment

A conditional probability is

a probability of the second event happening after the first

A tree diagram is

a diagram used to show all the possible outcomes

The formula for the probability of 2 independent events is

The formula for the probability of 2 dependent events is

The fundament counting principle

the total number of outcomes for many events

The formula for the fundamental counting principle is

n(S) = n(A) * n(B)

The formula for the fundamental counting principle with more than 2 events is

n(S) = n(A)*n(B)*n(C)

The formula for the fundamental counting principle that are dependent events are

n(S) = n(A)*n(A-1)*n(A-2)

A factorial is

a product of a sequential natural numbers

n factorial can be written as

n! = n*(n-1)*(n-2)

An arrangement is

an ordered list of items

A permutation is

an arrangement of objects in a definite order

The notation for permutations for the same object is

nPn = n!

The notation for permutations for different objects are

nPr = n!/(n-r)! where n is bigger

The indirect method/restrictions for permutations is

n(A)=n(S)-n(A’)

The formula for permutations with some identical items is

n!/p!*q**r!

The formula for permutations with objects in a fixed order is

n!/p!

A combination is

a selection from a group of objects where order does not matter

A combination on a calculate can be wrote as

nCr

A subset is

a set whose elements are also subsets of another set

The formula for subsets are

2ⁿ

A null set is

a set with no elements that equals 1

The pascals triangle is

an array of numbers in a triangular pattern where each term is the sum of the 2 numbers above it

A royal flush has

a 10, Jack, King, Queen, & Ace or the same suit

A straight flush has

5 consecutive cards of the same suit

A 4 of a kind has

4 cards that have the same number

A full house is

3 cards of a rank & 2 cards of another rank

A flush

has 5 cards with the same suit

A straight has

5 consecutive cards of any suit

A 3 of a kinds has

3 cards of the same rank

A 2 pair has

2 cards with 1 rank & 2 other cards of another rank

A 1 pair has

2 cards of the same rank

The measure of central tendency is

a set id data where the mean, median, & mode can be found

Deviation is

the difference between a data value & the mean which should =0

An outlier is

a value in a set of data that is very different

Mean is

a measure of central tendency where the sums are added & then it is divided by the number of values

The formula for mean is

The formula for the sample mean is

The median is

the middle value of a set of data after it is put in order

The mode is

the number that is repeated the most

The formula for weighted mean is

A mound-shaped & symmetrical shaped graph is

a graph that is symmetric & the mean, median & mode are the same

A right-skewed graph

is where the mean is to the right side of the median

A left-skewed graph is where

the mean is to the left side of the median