Open Question Type 1: Vitamins → Coenzymes Derivative

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8 Terms

1
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Thiamine

Vitamin B1

  • Coenzyme: TPP (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

  • Function: TPP is a coenzyme for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids in the TCA cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway

2
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Riboflavin

Vitamin B2

  • Coenzyme: FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (Flavin mononucleotide)

  • Function: FAD and FMN are involved in various redox reactions in the cell, serving as electron carriers in metabolic pathways like the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation

3
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Niacin

Vitamin B3

  • Coenzyme: NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

  • Function: NAD and NADP are involved in redox reactions, serving as electron carriers in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fatty acid synthesis.

4
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Pantothenic acid

Vitamin B5

  • Coenzyme: CoA (Coenzyme A)

  • Function: CoA carriers and transfers acyl groups in several metabolic pathways, including TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and the breakdown of carbohydrates and amino acids.

5
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Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6

  • Coenzyme: PLP (Pyridoxal phosphate)

  • Function:

    • Amino acid metabolism, including transamination and decarboxylation

    • Neurotransmitter synthesis

6
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Biotin

Vitamin B7

  • Coenzyme: It is not a coenzyme itself, but serves as a cofactor for enzymes

  • Function: It is essential for carboxylation reactions in various metabolic pathways, including fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism. It helps enzymes add a CO2 molecule to substrates during these reactions.

7
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Folic acid

Vitamin B9

  • Coenzyme: THF (Tetrahydrofolate)

  • Function: Transfer of 1-C units in various biosynthetic reactions, including the synthesis of nucleotides (DNA & RNA), amino acids, and certain neurotransmitters

8
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Cobalamin

Vitamin B12

  • Coenzyme: Coenzyme B12

  • Function: Transfer of a methyl group from N-methyl-THF to homocysteine to yield methionine and to liberate THF

    N-methyl-THF + homocysteine → THF + methionine