Psychology AQA GCSE - Memory

Bartlett's War of the Ghosts study

Examines how memory is influenced by cultural schemas and how people reconstruct memories based on existing beliefs and expectations.

Context-dependent memory

A phenomenon where memory recall is often better when the context during encoding matches the context during retrieval.

Demand characteristics

Cues or signals that participants pick up from an experiment, which can influence their behavior and responses.

Ecological validity

The extent to which research findings can be applied to real-world settings or situations.

False memories

Inaccurate recollections that a person believes to be true, often influenced by suggestions.

Interference

Occurs when new information interferes with the ability to remember previously learned information.

Memory encoding processes

Involves converting information into a form that can be stored in memory for later retrieval.

Memory recall

The process of retrieving information stored in the memory, including accessing previously learned facts and experiences.

Multi-store model of memory

Proposes that memory consists of three stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Murdock's Serial Position Curve Study

Found that people tend to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle.

Primacy effect

The tendency to remember information that is presented first in a list.

Retroactive Interference

When newly learned information inhibits the ability to recall previously learned material.

Procedural memory

A type of long-term memory responsible for remembering how to perform tasks and skills.

Recency effect

A cognitive bias where individuals have better recall of the most recent information compared to earlier information.

Recognition

The cognitive process of identifying a previously learned object or event based on memory.

Rehearsal

The process of repeating information in order to maintain it in short-term memory.

Semantic Encoding

A process in which information is encoded based on its meaning and relevance.

Serial position effect

The tendency for people to recall the first and last items in a list more easily than the middle items.

Short-term memory

Temporary storage of information in the brain, lasting for a few seconds to minutes.

Storage

The process of retaining information in memory over time.

Visual Encoding

The process of converting visual information into a mental representation for storage and later retrieval.