Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration

What is the process that cells use to extract energy from food to generate ATP?

What is the process that cells use to extract energy from food to generate ATP?

Glucose catabolism or cellular respiration.

What are redox reactions?

Chemical reactions where electrons are transferred from one molecule to another.

What is an electron carrier and give an example?

Molecules that shuttle electrons in cellular respiration; examples include NAD and FAD.

What is the process of hydrolysis of ATP?

ATP → ADP + Pi, which is exergonic and provides energy for endergonic reactions.

What is glycolysis and where does it occur?

The first metabolic pathway of glucose metabolism, occurring in the cytoplasm.

What is the net ATP production from glycolysis?

The net ATP production from glycolysis is 2 ATP.

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

It is converted to Acetyl CoA before entering the citric acid cycle.

What are the main outputs from one glucose molecule by the end of the citric acid cycle?

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 6 CO2.

What percentage of energy from glucose is stored in ATP after cellular respiration?

Approximately 34% of the energy from glucose is stored in ATP.

What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor, while fermentation solely involves glycolysis and regenerates NAD+.

What is cellular respiration?

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

What molecule is the primary energy carrier in cells?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

The final stage of cellular respiration that produces ATP using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

What happens during lactic acid fermentation?

Glucose is converted to lactic acid and ATP in the absence of oxygen.

What are the end products of alcoholic fermentation?

Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

What role do enzymes play in cellular respiration?

Enzymes catalyze the metabolic reactions involved in cellular respiration, increasing their efficiency.

Cellular respiration begins with the process of __________.

Glycolysis.

The electron transport chain takes place in the __________ of the mitochondria.

Inner membrane.

The molecule __________ is produced during the Krebs cycle and transported to the electron transport chain.

NADH.

In the absence of oxygen, cells can undergo __________ to produce ATP.

Fermentation.

The main purpose of __________ is to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Cellular respiration.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of __________.

Pyruvate.

The final electron acceptor in electron transport chain is __________.

Oxygen.

One glucose molecule can yield up to __________ ATP molecules through cellular respiration.

30-32.

In lactic acid fermentation, __________ is produced as a byproduct.

Lactic acid.

Fermentation regenerates __________ so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP.

NAD+.

FADH2 is a nucleotide that participates in

Redox reactions

In eukaryotes, ATP synthase is found In the..

Inner mitochondria

Where in the mitochondria would you expect the highest pH?

Matrix

The electron transport chain in aerobic respiration is a series of electron carriers found in the…

Inner mitochondria

Protons are pumped from the ____ to the ____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Mitochondrial matrix, intermembrane space

Fermentation keeps glycolysis going in the absence by generating _?_, which is required reactant of glycolysis

NAD+

The first phase of glycolysis

Requires an input of energy

How many carbon atoms are in one molecule of Acetyl-CoA

2

The useful product from yeast fermentation that will help the bread dough rise

Carbon dioxide