19A - SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRAL INFECTIONS (HEPATITIS VIRUSES)
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/119
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
120 Terms
Viruses
Submicroscopic pathogens
Viruses
Obligate intracellular parasites
Needs host to survive
DNA or RNA, capsid
virion
Viruses
Consists of a core of _ or _ packaged into a _
DNA or RNA but never both
Whole virus particle = _
envelope
killing
Viruses
May be surrounded by an outer _
Enveloped viruses are more susceptible to _
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Transcription
Translation
Assembly
Budding
Release
Life Cycle of a Virus (8)
Attachment
Life Cycle of a Virus
Attaching to specific receptors on the cell surface
Penetration
Life Cycle of a Virus
Penetrating the host cell membrane
Uncoating
Life Cycle of a Virus
Releasing nucleic acid
Transcription
Translation
Life Cycle of a Virus
Produce more viral nucleic acid and proteins
Assembly
Life Cycle of a Virus
Form intact viruses
Budding
Release
Life Cycle of a Virus
Released by lysis of the cell or by budding off the cell’s surface
Serologic tests
Laboratory Testing for Viral Infections
_ _ help in establishing presumptive diagnosis, monitoring the course of infection, detection of past infections, and assessing immune status
IgM antibodies
Laboratory Testing for Viral Infections
indicate current or recent viral infection
IgG antibodies
Laboratory Testing for Viral Infections
indicate current or past viral infection, can also indicate immunity
Molecular tests
Laboratory Testing for Viral Infections
_ _ enhances the ability to detect active infection and are essential in guiding antiviral therapy
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Acute Stage of Hepatitis
Hepatitis Viruses
Flu-like symptoms
Mild to moderate right upper quadrant pain
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Dark urine
Light feces
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis (5)
Hepatomegaly
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis
enlargement of the liver
Jaundice
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis
yellowing of the skin
Dark urine
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis
absence of bilirubin
Light feces
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis
absence of urobilinogen
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis Viruses
Chronic Stage of Hepatitis
scar tissue on the liver
Hepatitis A & E
Hepatitis Viruses
transmitted via fecal-oral route
Hepatitis B, C, & D
Hepatitis Viruses
transmitted via parenteral route
Hepatitis A
Non-enveloped, ssRNA virus
Picornaviridae
Hepatitis A
Belongs to the Family _
fecal-oral
Hepatitis A
Transmitted primarily via _-_ route (ingestion)
28
Hepatitis A
Has an average period of _ days
self-limiting
Hepatitis A
Mostly a _-_ disease
EIAs
CIAs
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Often detected by automated _ and _
IgM anti-HAV
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
primary marker to detect acute Hepatitis A
IgM anti-HAV
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Detectable at the onset of S/S
IgM anti-HAV
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Should be reserved for patients with observable S/S
Total anti-HAV
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
predominantly detect IgG antibodies
acute infection
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Total anti-HAV (+), IgM anti-HAV (+) indicates _ _
immunity
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Total anti-HAV (+), IgM anti-HAV (-) indicates _
HAV RNA
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
more sensitive marker especially in early stages
HAV RNA
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Uses RT-PCR
HAV RNA
Hepatitis A
Serologic Tests
Detects the genome or the virus itself that’s why it’s more sensitive
Hepatitis E
Non-enveloped, ssRNA
Hepeviridae
Hepevirus
Hepatitis E
Belongs to the Family _, Genus _
4
Hepatitis E
Number of genotypes
Genotype 1 & 2
Hepatitis E
Genotypes associated with consumption of contaminated water
Genotype 3 & 4
Hepatitis E
Genotypes associated with zoonotic infections (pigs)
HEV3
Hepatitis E
Genotype that can cause chronic hepatitis
silent
Hepatitis E
Often _ infections
Proper hygiene
Hepatitis E
Prevention
EIAs
CIAs
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Often detected by automated _ and _
IgM anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Detectable at the onset of S/S
IgM anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Should be reserved for patients with observable S/S
IgG anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Develops four weeks after S/S develops and persists for several years
IgG anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Detect patients in the later stages of infection
IgG anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Determine past exposure
IgG anti-HEV
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Identify seroprevalence in a population
HEV RNA
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Recommended in immunocompromised patients
qPCR
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
gold standard for acute HEV infections
HEV RNA
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
Can be detected before the onset of clinical symptoms
HEV RNA
Hepatitis E
Serologic Tests
A negative _ _ result cannot exclude the possibility of a recent infection
Hepatitis B
Only DNA hepatitis virus
Hepadnaviridae
Hepatitis B
Belongs to the family _
Parenteral route
Hepatitis B
MOT
Recombinant HBsAg
Hepatitis B
_ vaccines are available
six
Hepatitis B
Most patients infected recover within _ months
fulminant liver disease
Hepatitis B
1% develop _ _ _
Chronic HBV infection
Hepatitis B
Virus persists more than six months in the host
More common in infants, children, and immunocompromised individuals
45 nm
Hepatitis B
Structure of HBV
The whole virus has a total diameter of about _ _
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
Hepatitis B
Structure of HBV
Contains the _ _ _ _
hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B enveloped antigen (HBeAg)
Hepatitis B
Structure of HBV
The virion also contains a _ and _
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
First marker to appear (2-10 weeks after exposure)
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Most reliable marker for Hepatitis B infection
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Peak during the acute stages of infection
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Declines as antibody production progresses
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Remains elevated in chronic hepatitis cases
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Indicator of an active infection
HbsAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Important marker in detecting initial infection
HBeAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Appears shortly after HBsAg and disappears before HBsAg
HBeAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Present during active replication of the virus
HBeAg
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Represents high degree of infectivity
IgM anti-HBc
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
First antibody to appear
IgM anti-HBc
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Indicates current or recent acute infection
IgM anti-HBc
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Useful in monitoring before the core window period, neonatal hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis
Total anti-HBc
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Used to indicate a past HBV infection
Anti-HBe
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Appears after HBeAg disappears
Anti-HBe
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Indicates that the patient is recovering from infection
Anti-HBs
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Appear during recovery and persists for years after infection
Anti-HBs
Hepatitis B
Serologic Markers
Not produced during chronic infection
EIA
CLIA
Hepatitis B
Serologic Tests
Primarily uses _ and _
true positive
Hepatitis B
Serologic Tests
Repeated testing of the same specimen and confirmation with an additional serologic/molecular test can establish a _ _ result
HBV DNA
Hepatitis B
Serologic Tests
detected 21 days before HBsAg; use traditional or qPCR
Hepatitis D
Also known as delta hepatitis
Hepatitis D
Infection can only occur in the presence of Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B and D
Hepatitis D
Co-infection
Co-infection
Hepatitis D
Acute presentation
Superinfection
Hepatitis D
Chronic HBV carriers → infected with HDV
Can lead to chronic hepatitis, accelerated infection to cirrhosis
IgG anti-HDV
Hepatitis D
Serologic Tests
marker for acute, chronic, or past infection
IgM anti-HDV
Hepatitis D
Serologic Tests
produced during acute HDV infection
clinical profile
Hepatitis D
Serologic Tests
Serologic testing with HBV markers can also establish _ _
Co-infection
Hepatitis D
Serologic Tests
IgM anti-HBc (+) indicates
Superinfection
Hepatitis D
Serologic Tests
IgG anti-HBc (+) indicates