Comprehensive Roman Architecture and History: Structures, Materials, and Influence

Which civilization primarily preceded Roman Architecture?

Greek

The Etruscan civilization existed approximately from?

750-100 BC

What did Rome's central position enable it to spread?

Art and civilization

The Apennines run?

Like a spine down Italy

Wealth in early Italy was concentrated in?

Etruria

Iron deposits important to Etruscan prosperity were found on?

Elba Island

The most important Roman structural innovation was?

Concrete

Pozzolana is?

Volcanic earth

Roman religion was primarily?

Polytheistic

The head of Roman religion was called?

Pontifex Maximus

The Roman equivalent of Zeus was?

Jupiter

The Roman equivalent of Athena was?

Minerva

The Roman equivalent of Poseidon was?

Neptune

The Roman equivalent of Hermes was?

Mercury

The Roman equivalent of Dionysos was?

Bacchus

Roman gods gradually acquired characteristics from?

Greek culture

Priesthood in Rome was?

Part of state apparatus

Which sea borders Italy on the west?

Tyrrhenian Sea

Which material was generally imported into Rome?

Marble

Travertine is?

Hard limestone

Tufa is?

Calcareous deposit

Peperino comes from?

Mount Albano

Basalt is?

Dense volcanic rock

Roman concrete consisted mainly of?

Stone rubble and mortar

The Roman arch was inherited largely from?

Etruscans

Roman architecture is best characterized by?

Arcuated construction

Romans extensively used?

All of the above

Which feature allowed Romans to span larger spaces?

Vaults and domes

Roman buildings emphasized?

Vastness and magnificence

Roman temples usually faced?

East

Greek temples usually faced?

East

Roman wall construction was revolutionized through?

Concrete

Romans used ______ decoratively on walls.

Pilaster

Roman doorways were often?

Square or semicircular

Roman windows were frequently?

Semicircular-headed

Romans introduced?

Pedestals beneath columns

The favorite Roman order was?

Corinthian

Romans invented which order?

Composite

Tuscan order is derived from?

Greek Doric

Roman ornament is characterized by?

Forcefulness

Palaces were primarily built for?

Emperors

Imperial palaces were discovered on?

Palatine Hill

Which emperor built the Domus Aurea?

Nero

Domus Aurea means?

Golden House

Domus Aurea was built after?

Great Fire of Rome

Architects of Domus Aurea were?

Apollodorus and Rabirius

Domus Aurea contained?

Artificial lake

The Colosseum now stands where the Domus Aurea once had?

Lake

Domus Aurea's octagonal hall was roofed with?

Concrete dome

Hadrian's Villa is located in?

Tivoli

Hadrian's Villa occupied approximately?

50 ha

Hadrian's Villa was constructed between?

118-133 AD

Servants at Hadrian's Villa lived?

In towers

The Maritime Theater at Hadrian's Villa was?

Isolated retreat on an island

Canopus at Hadrian's Villa was adorned with?

Egyptian and Greek elements

Domitian Palace was designed by?

Rabirius

Palace of Diocletian is located in?

Spalato

The grandest portion of a Roman palace was called?

State Suite

Roman palaces often included?

All of the above

A luxurious Roman country house was called?

Villa

A private Roman house was called?

Domus

Apartment buildings for common people were called?

Insula

The entrance passage of a Domus is?

Prothyrum

The central hall of a Domus is?

Atrium

Water was collected in the?

Impluvium

The family altar was commonly located in the?

Atrium

The Tablinum functioned as?

Open saloon

The Peristyle was?

Inner colonnaded court

Cubicula refers to?

Bedrooms

Triclinia refers to?

Dining rooms

Oecus means?

Reception room

Roman kitchens were usually?

At the farthest point from entrance

Wealthy Roman homes were built around a?

Atrium

A second open courtyard beyond the atrium was?

Peristylum

What were wealthy Roman homes built around?

Courtyard

What was the second open courtyard beyond the atrium called?

Peristylum

What materials were frequently used in wealthy Roman homes?

Mosaics

How did Roman houses receive water?

Lead pipes

What was Roman underfloor heating called?

Hypocaust

Who maintained hypocausts?

Slaves

Where is the House of Pansa located?

Pompeii

Where is the House of Livia located?

Palatine Hill

Where is the House of the Surgeon located?

Pompeii

What were insulae generally?

Multi-story

What is the Apartment House at Ostia an example of?

Insula

What is Hadrian's Villa classified as?

Villa

What were aqueducts primarily built to do?

Supply water

What were water channels in aqueducts called?

Specus

Who built Aqua Claudia?

Caligula and Claudius

Where is Aqua Marcia located?

Rome

Where is Pont du Gard located?

Nimes

How long is Pont du Gard approximately?

10 miles long

What were Roman bridges designed to do?

Resist water flow

What is Pons Fabricius?

Bridge

What is Pons Mulvius?

Bridge

What is Ancient Pons Aelius now known as?

St. Angelo Bridge

What did St. Angelo Bridge provide access to?

Tomb of Hadrian

What is a Locus?

Water channel

What are Salientes?

Jets of water

What did Roman fountains often combine water with?

Columns and statues