BSC2085L

Microscope, Body cavities, Cell structure and functions

what is name and function of image 1 

ocular lens 

is the lens through which you look to examine the slide

what is name and function of image 2

eyepiece

Many ocular lenses have pointers that can be moved by rotating the black piece

what is name and function of image 3

Arm

The arm supports the body of the microscope and typically houses the adjustment knobs

What is name and function of image 5

Fine adjustment knob

You turn it to fine-tune the image’s focus

What is name and function of image 6

mechanical stage adjustment

you can move the slide by turning this knob

What is name and function of image 7

Power switch

provides power to microscope

What is name and function of image 8

Base

What is name and function of image 9

Lamb

also called the illuminator, provides the light source

What is name and function of image 10

Iris diaphragm

that controls the amount of light allowed to pass through the slide

What is name and function of image 11 

Stage clips

to hold the slide in place

What is name and function of image 12

Stage

is the surface on which the slide sits

What is name and function of image 13

objective lenses

are lenses with various powers of magnification

What is name and function of image 14 

nosepiece

which allows the user to switch between objectives

What are the objective lens and functions 

Microscope has 3 to 4 objective lens (4x,10x, 40x, 100x with oil emersion lens)

Define Parfocal

stays in focus when switching lenses

Working distance

space between lens and specimen

Field of view

visible area under microscope

Which cavity is image 1

Cranial Cavity 

Contains bain

Which cavity is image 2

Vertebral cavity 

contains the spinal cord

What cavity is image 4 

Pleural cavity

What cavity is image 5

Pericardial cavity

What cavity is image 6

Abdominal cavity

What cavity is image 7

Pelvic cavity

What cavity is image 8

Peritoneal cavity

What is name and function of image 4

coarse adjustment knob

Turning it moves the stage up and down to change the distance of the stage from the objective lenses

What is the structure and function of image 2

cytosol

Functions of cytosol include transport of molecules across the cell, provide structural support to the cell organelles, signal transduction to the target compartments, gives a platform for cellular metabolic processes and reactions.

What is the structure and function of image 12

nucleolus

The nucleolus is the ribosome factory of the cell, critical for protein synthesis and overall cell function. Regulation of Cell Cycle and Stress Responses

What is the structure and function of image 11

chromatin

Chromatin stores, organizes, protects DNA, and regulates gene activity.

What is the structure and function of image 5

centrioles

cell division organization

Organize microtubules during cell division.

Form the mitotic spindle that separates chromosomes.

Help form cilia and flagella for cell movement.

What is the structure and function of image 6

mitochondria

ATP energy - Adenosine Triphosphate

Produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Regulates cell metabolism.

Plays a role in apoptosis (programmed cell death).

What is the structure and function of image 18

Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum

lipids + detox

Network of membranes without ribosomes.

Synthesizes lipids (fats, phospholipids, steroids).

Detoxifies drugs and harmful substances.

Stores calcium ions in muscle cells for contraction.

What is the structure and function of image 7

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum 

proteins (with ribosomes)

Network of membranes studded with ribosomes.

Synthesizes proteins for export or for membranes.

Packages proteins into vesicles to send to the Golgi complex.

What is the structure and function of image 14

ribosomes

protein factories

Small particles made of rRNA and proteins.

Found free in cytoplasm or attached to RER.

Site of protein synthesis.

Free ribosomes → make proteins for use inside the cell.

Attached ribosomes → make proteins for secretion or membranes.

What is the structure and function of image 15

Golgi complex/apparatus

modify, sort, package proteins/lipids

Stack of flattened sacs.

Forms lysosomes.

Produces vesicles for transport within or out of the cell.

What is the structure and function of image 19

lysosome

digestion + recycling

Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes.

Digest worn-out organelles and cellular debris ("cellular recycling center").

Break down bacteria, viruses, and large molecules.

Play a role in apoptosis (cell self-destruction when needed)

What is the structure and function of image 17

Plasma membrane

What is the structure and function of image 1 

Nulceus 

What is the structure and function of image 16

Cytoplasm

What membrane processes is occurring 

Diffusion 

Movement of solutes/ions
from high concentration to
low concentration

What membrane processes is occurring 

Osmosis

Movement of WATER from
area of lots of water to
areas of little water

H2Oent of 

What membrane processes is occurring 

Filtration

separation by pressure across membrane

Filter

During osmosis what is the cell experiencing 

Isotonic

there is no net movement of water into or out of a cell in an isotonic solution

During osmosis what is the cell experiencing 

Hypotonic

water will move into the cell by osmosis. This may cause the cell to swell and burst

During osmosis what is the cell experiencing 

Hypertonic

This causes the ECF to pull water molecules out of the cytosol by osmosis. The cell may shrivel or crenate as it loses water to the ECF

Which mitosis stage is occurring

Interphase

Cell is not dividing yet, but preparing.

DNA is replicated into sister chromatids.

Nucleus is visible, and chromosomes are not yet condensed.

Which mitosis stage is occurring

Prophase

Chromosomes condense and become visible.

Nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Spindle fibers form from centrioles.

Which mitosis stage is occurring

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate (middle of the cell).

Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome. 

Which mitosis stage is occurring

Anaphase 

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere.

Spindle fibers pull chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.

Which mitosis stage is occurring

telophase

Chromosomes reach poles and begin to de-condense.

Nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes.

Cell looks like it has two nuclei.

Which mitosis stage is occurring

cytokensis

Cytoplasm divides.

In animal cells → cleavage furrow forms.

In plant cells → cell plate forms.

What cavity is image 3

Mediastinum