concept 3.2: four emergent properties of water contribute to earths sustainability for life

what are the four water properties that facilitate an environment for life

cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent

cohesion

the force that holds molecules of the same element together

adhesion

an attraction between different substances

surface tension

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

what causes water to have a high surface tension

cohesive properties and hydrogen bonding

does water have a high or low specific heat

high specific heat, needs more heat to change the temperature

why is water good at moderating temperature

because it needs more heat energy added or taken away to change in temperature

temperature

the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter

calorie

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius

specific heat

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change by 1 degree celcius

what is the specific heat of water

1 Calorie per gram*celsius

what causes water to have a high specific heat

its hydrogen bonding

when is heat absorbed or released

when hydrogen bonds break or form

heat of vaporization

the amount of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram of that substance to be converted to a gas

does water have a high or low heat of vaporization

water has a high heat o fvaporization

evaporative cooling

as a liquid evaporations the surface cools

describe the density of water

water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

what happens when water is at zero degrees celcius

it is solid and locked into a crystaline lattice and the molecules are spread apart

describe the formation of water molecules when then are in solid form

crystalline lattice

solvent

the dissolving agent of a solution

solution

a liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture of substances

solute

that substance that is dissolved

aqeuous solution

a solution with water as the solvent

water is what kind of a solvent?

versatile solvent

why is water a versatile solvent

because of its polar bonds

what happens when ionic compound dissolves in water

each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a hydration shell

what traits does something need to have in order to be dissolved by water

needs to have ionic and polar regions

hydrophobic substance

will not dissolve in water, does not like water, is nonpolar

hydrophilic substance

has an affinity for water, likes water

molecular mass

the sum of all masses of all atoms in a molecule