Lesson 6: Compounds based on chemical and structural formulas

The Periodic Table

There are 118 chemical elements listed in the periodic table in a specific order. Rules on how to name new elements in the periodic table are set up by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Ionic Bonding

when electrons transfer from metal to non-metal each atoms form an ion(charged particle) with a noble gas electron conficguration.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Based on IUPAC rules (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) that in naming ionic compounds it should start with a cation and be followed by an anion.

When a nonmetal forms an ion

element stem name + ide + ion. Phosphide Ion

Monoatomic Cation

the metal

Monoatomic Anion

the nonmetal then change the suffix -ide + ion

Covalent Bonding

nonmetals. Electron sharing. Occurs when there is a little difference in the tendencies of atoms to gain or lose electrons.

Nonmetals

high ionization energy and highly negative electron affinity

covalent compound

results when nonmetals share electrons. Thus, covalent compounds exist as molecules. The formula of a covalent compound is written based on the Greek prefixes found on its binary name indicating the number of atoms present. If there is no Greek prefix found

on the first element of the compound, it is considered as having one atom of the element.

Types of Chemical Formulas

Structural Formula, Empirical Formula, Molecular Formula, Condensed Formula

Structural Formula

shows the bond pattern and connectivity of

atoms in compounds. The atom is represented

by its element symbol while lines depict the

type of chemical bond between the atoms. The

lines — and = represent single and double

covalent bonds respectively.

Condensed Structural Formula

simplifies structural formula in which

bonding patterns and connectivity are

less obvious but are still apparent.

Acids

can easily be identified (most of the time) because the molecular formula begins with “H”. There are two types of acids: one with oxygen and one without oxygen

Naming Acids with Oxygen

many acids are formed from an oxyanion bonded to hydrogen

Naming Acids: Rule 1

if the oxyanion in the acid ends in -ate, change the ending to -ic, then add the word “acid”.

Naming Acids: Rule 2

if oxyanion in the acid ends in -ite, change the ending to -ous, then add the word “acid”