Geopo 3 : International Political Economy: Beyond Hegemonic Stability

What historical period is cited as an example of instability?

The 1930s

What events characterized the instability of the 1930s?

Collapses of colonial empires economic depression wars and the rise of a new great power

What are the primary economic mechanisms of globalization responsible for driving?

Both absolute catch-up and relative conditional growth convergence

What are the two types of growth convergence typically modeled?

Alpha convergence absolute and beta convergence relative

What is the first research question from Text 3a?

Does economic convergence necessarily come with more political instability

What is the second research question from Text 3a?

Is Multipliarity only a transitional phenomenon

What is the third research question from Text 3a?

Shall we expect the rise of a new Hegemony

What is the fourth research question from Text 3a?

What factors may impede the ascent of a potential challenger to global hegemonic status

What fact highlights a gap over the last century?

The gap in growth rates between countries

What question is posed about the sustained economic growth process?

How does it influence the dynamics and magnitude of income and wealth inequalities over time

What is the overarching question about Market and State?

How market and states affect one other

What concept is listed as a mechanism related to labor and capital?

Imperfect substitution between labor and capital

What question is linked to the rise of protectionism?

How can one account for the rise of protectionism

What theory is mentioned regarding hegemonic stability?

The theory of hegemonic stability by Kindelberger

What key notion is associated with that theory?

The notion of a hegemon

According to Text 3b what has changed in recent times?

Changes in gravity center and maritime routes

Who challenged traditional notions of power?

Susan Strange

What type of power did Susan Strange argue for the importance of?

Structural power

What does Structural Power refer to?

The power to shape and determine the structures of the global political economy for other actors

What is the first research question from Text 3b?

What factors are responsible for changes in gravity center

What is the second research question from Text 3b?

Is the world necessarily centred

What is the third research question from Text 3b?

Is Geopolitics necessarily centric

What is the fourth research question from Text 3b?

Is it possible to account for a balance of power combining even powers

What area is described as a wartime epicenter of the world?

The Red Sea

What has happened to major global institutions like the UN WTO and WHO?

They have experienced significant erosion in their roles as central coordinating mechanisms

What are the cited reasons for this erosion?

Persistent rivalry among major global powers and deepening divisions between developed and developing nations

Where was the global center of gravity in Ancient or Medieval times?

The Mediterranean Sea

Where did the center shift to until the late 20th century?

The Atlantic Ocean

What region has emerged as the new global center of gravity in the 21st century?

The Indo-Pacific region

How has China transformed?

From a developing nation to the worlds second-largest power across economic political technological and military dimensions

What is Chinas explicit strategic ambition?

To achieve global primacy by mid-century

What percentage of international trade is conducted via maritime routes?

80%

What is the approximate factor by which US imports from China exceed exports?

35

What does BRI stand for?

Belt and Road Initiative

How is BRI described?

Chinas expansive largest and most ambitious infrastructure and investment project designed to enhance connectivity bolster economic influence and solidify Chinas geopolitical leadership

What question is asked about the relative or absolute decline of the US?

Relative or absolute decline of the US

What factor is questioned for its importance in the rise of power?

The demographic factor

Is demography framed as an opportunity?

Yes the question asks if demography is an opportunity

What concepts are listed as related to power?

Power and infrastructure and Power and culture

What geopolitical situation is mentioned regarding India?

Encirclement of India and the reshaping of the World

What is highlighted as important in the rise of global power alongside structural power?

The importance of international institutions

Which institutions roles are specifically questioned?

The role played by UN WTO WHO

Which groups are also mentioned?

G7 G8 G20 and Brics

Why is India positioned as a natural strategic partner for the US?

They both share a vested interest in counterbalancing China

What doctrine experienced a renewal under President Trump?

The Monroe doctrine

What was the goal of this renewal?

To consolidate dominant US influence over the Western Hemisphere by actively countering Chinas expanding presence in Latin America

What does Europes substantial potential hinge on?

Its capacity to formulate and execute cohesive foreign security and defense policies like a sovereign nation-state

What is the consequence if Europe lacks such unity?

Its geopolitical influence remains notably less effectiv