ASTB Prep App ANIT Section

The United States Marine Corps was founded on

November 10, 1775

Who did Congress appoint the first commander in chief of the Navy?

Esek Hopkins

First 6 frigates to engage the British Royal Navy

1. United States

2. Constellation

3. Constitution

4. Chesapeake

5. Congress

6. President

First Naval Hero of War

John Paul Johns - “Father of the Navy” JPJ won a famous battle against two Royal Naval ships “I have not yet begun to fight”

Union Navy’s first metal-hulled ship

USS Monitor

First time metal-hulled ships would engage each other

USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia during the Battle of Hampton Roads

Naval hero to come out of the Civil War

Admiral David G. Farragut

“Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!”

First Naval Aviator

Theodore Ellyson

First person to launch a winged aircraft successfully off a ship

Eugene Ely
November 14, 1910

The US entered World War II on

December 7,1941 when the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

First nuclear powered aircraft carrier

USS Enterprise, launched on September 24, 1960

At it’s peak, the USN consisted of _______ ships during the cold war.

594

Main Deck

Primary deck of a vessel
highest watertight deck that runs the ship’s entire length

Bridge Deck

Deck where the ship’s navigational equipment is housed and where the ship is driven

Quarter Deck

• Part of ship’s main deck

• All sailors departing or embarking on the ship salute toward this deck as a sign of respect

• Used for ceremonies and other official occasions while onboard

Weather Deck

A deck not roofed and exposed to the sea and weather

Poop Deck

A deck typically constructed above the main deck on the aft-most portion of the ship

CVN

Aircraft Carriers
C: Carrier
V: fixed-wing
N: Nuclear

Older Nimitz Class and Ford class carriers

CG

Cruisers are the primary surface-to-air warfare platform
C: Cruisers
G: Guided Missiles

DDG

Destroyers: Participate in all forms of warfare including air defense, undersea warfare, and surface combat

LCS

Littoral Combat Ships
Operate in brown water (close to land)

More maneuverable but less armed than destroyers

MCM

Minesweepers
Used by the Navy to defend against mines

Have wooden hulls to not set off proximity mines

PC

Patrol Craft
Used for coastal defense missions

LHA

Amphibious Assault Ships

Mostly for VTOL aircraft

LSD

Dock Landing Ships
Similar to LHAs, they support amphibious operations

LPD

Amphibious Transport Docks

Similar mission set to LSDs but heavily armed

LCAC

Landing Craft Air Cushion

USN uses these to bridge the gap between assault ships and the shore

SSN

Fast-Attack Submarines

Designed to conduct surveillance, sink surface vessels and other submarines

SSBN

Ballistic Missile Submarines

“Boomers” - carry some of the most destructive nuclear weapons ever designed. Primary mission of boomers is to remain hidden until ordered to strike

SSGN

Cruise Missile Submarines

Instead of carrying nuclear weapons, they carry large numbers of cruise missiles and can take a contingent special forces that exit while submerged.

AB

Aviation Boatswains Mate

Responsible for aviation support equipment, fuel and oil systems, and catapults and arresting gear operation on the flight deck

AC

Aviation Traffic Controller

Similar to civilian air traffic controllers, they guide pilots and help with aircraft operations

AD

Aviation Machinist’s Mate

Responsible for maintaining aircraft engines

AE

Aviation Electrician’s Mate

Maintain electrical power systems on aircraft

AG

Aerographer’s Mate

Weather forecasters for the fleet

AM

Aviation Structural Mechanic

Maintain exterior portions, control surfaces, and aircraft hydraulic components

AO

Aviation Ordnanceman

Responsible for maintaining, loading, and unloading bullets, missiles, and bombs on aircraft

AT

Aviation Electronics Technician

Support the maintenance of radar, avionics, and navigation systems

AW

Naval Aircrewman

Operate systems onboard naval aircraft like P8A or MH-60

AZ

Aviation Maintenance Administrationman

Primarily perform clerical and administrative functions for aircraft maintenance

PR

Aircrew Survival Equipmentman

Maintain equipment that is critical for an emergency, For example, the packing and inspections of parachutes in an aicraft

HM

Hospital Corpsman

Medical professionals that provide health care services to active duty service members and their families

BM

Boatwain’s Mate

Conduct maintenance on a ship’s exterior structure and deck equipment

CS

Culinary Specialist

Cook and produce food in dining halls ashore and afloat

MA

Master-At-Arms

Responsible for maintaining good order and providing security to naval personnel ashore and afloat

QM

Quartermaster

QMs may steer the ship and operate the navigation radar or sonar.

SO

Special Warfare Operator

Navy SEALs conduct special operations missions on sea, air, or land

Yellow Jerseys

Aircraft handling officers

Plane directors

Catapult and arresting gear offiers

(guys in charge)

Brown Jerseys

Plane Captains, oversee the maintenance of the aircraft

Blue Jerseys

Move aircraft around the flight deck and hangar decks

Operate and maintain aircraft elevators and flight deck tractors

Green Jerseys

Responsible for maintaining the catapult and arresting gears

Red Jersey

Ordnancemen handle all weapons on the flight deck.

Crash and salvage crews also wear red jerseys

Purple Jerseys

Oversee all fueling operations on the flight deck

White Jerseys

Ensure that operations on the flight deck are as safe as possible

MH-60S Seahawk

Armed with guns and hellfire missiles, used for special operations forces insertion, maritime security, and logistics operations

MH-60R

Primary mission is to hunt enemy submarines that may be operating around the aircraft carrier

MH-53E Sea Dragon

Primarily used for Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM). Tows a large sled designed to detonate sea contact mines.

P-3C Orion

Maritime Patrol. Tracks vessels using radar sonobuoys and magnetic anomaly detectors (MAD). Can carry torpedoes and air-to-surface missiles.

P-8A Poseidon

Modified Boeing 737-800. Same mission as the P-3 but can do it more efficiently and longer.

EP-3E ARIES

Airborne Reconnaissance Integrated Electronic System. Used for signal reconnaissance missions to listen in and collect intelligence.

E-6B Mercury

“Doomsday Plane” Plays an essential role in the US’s nuclear command and control hierarchy. Can communicate with nuclear forces globally including submarines

F/A-18 E/F

Advanced multirole carrier-based fighter

E: single seat
F: two seat

F-35C Lightning II

5th generation single seat, single engine, air superiority fighter

E/A-18G Growler

Instead of missiles, growlers carry jamming pods and advanced sensors to electronically jam comms and weapons.

E-2 Hawkeye

Eyes of the fleet, carry a large radar dome atop the fuselage.

C-2 Greyhound

Critical logistics link between shore and sea. Follow the strike group, bringing people and equipment to the carrier.

CMV-22B Osprey

Can take off and land vertically. Navy intends to use the aircraft to deliver goods and people to the carrier and possibly smaller ships

Class A

From 18,000 feet MSL including and up to 60,000 feet MSL
All operations in Class A require an active IFR flight plan

Class B

Surround country’s largest airports
Consist of 2 or more layers and extend up to 10,000 feet MSL
Must be cleared into the Bravo to enter

Require transponder to enter

Class C

Surrounds moderately busy airports

Extends from surface up to 4,000 feet AGL

First layer 5 NM radius, second 10 NM radius

Must establish 2-way communication

Class D

Single layer that extends up to 2,500 feet AGL
Typically 4 NM radius

Class E

“Everywhere”

All airspace that is not otherwise A,B,C,D

Extends from surface up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL

Class G

Uncontrolled airspace

Extends from the surface up to Class E

Special Use Airspace

• Prohibited areas

• Restricted areas

• Warning areas

• Military operation areas (MOAs)

• Alert areas

• Controlled firing areas (CFAs)

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

Speed indicated to the pilot on the airspeed indicator, calibrated to KIAS

Affected by altitude and errors in thee instruments which can be adjusted to Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

True Airspeed (TAS)

Actual velocity at which an airplane moves through an air mass

Derived by correcting for the difference between the air density of the aircraft at altitude relative to the pressure at sea level

TAS increases as altitude increases since air density decreases

Ground Speed (GS)

Aircraft’s actual speed over the ground

Usually calculated by GPS on board

Nautical Miles (NM)

Measure of distance for aircraft navigation versus statue miles or kilometers

Equivalent to 1/60 of a degree of latitude

1 NM = 1.15 SM

1 SM - 0.869 NM

Heading

Defines where the aircraft is pointing

Course

Defines where the aircraft is traveling

Magnetic Variation

Angular difference between True North and Magnetic North

Dashed isogonic lines on VFR charts refer to this

Magnetic Deviation

Local error caused aircraft equipment or other external factors

VORs

VHF Omni-Directional Range

Ground based transmitters that broadcast a frequency in all directions

VOR/DME

Omni-Directional Beacon with Distance Measuring Equipment

TACAN

Military version of a VOR/DME that only military aircraft can use

VFR Weather Minimums

Cloud Clearance Requirements

VFR Cruising Altitudes

IFR Cruising Altitudes

Troposhepere

Generally tops around 7-10km at poles, 17-18km at equator
Lowest part of the atmosphere where most weather occurs
2 degrees C for every 1,000ft

Stratosphere

Layer that extends beyond the Troposphere
Temperature at these altitudes increase due to UV
Contains most of the ozone in the atmosphere

Mesosphere

Region above stratosphere
Temps decrease along with ozone

Thermosphere and Ionosphere

Above the mesosphere
Temps rise again and extends up to 80km above the Earth

Exosphere

Top portion of the Atmosphere and extends up to 500km

Blue Lights

Marks the outskirts of a taxi way

Green lights

Marks the centerline of taxiways at larger airports

White Lights

Mark the edge of runways

PAPI

Precision approach path indicator
Horizontal Row of Lights to mark glide slope

VASI

Visual Approach Slope Indicator
Use a stack of lights to indicate glide slope

Rotating Beacons

Flashing Green and White indicates civilian airports

Flashing Green and 2 White indicates military airports