ISS: Exam 2-2

El Paso Shooting

In 2019, the shooter targeted Mexicans and posted a white supremacist manifesto about a 'Hispanic invasion.'

Domestic Terrorism

Rep. Escobar characterized the El Paso shooting as domestic terrorism, criticizing Trump's rhetoric for fueling hate.

Trump's View on Mexican Immigrants

Former President Trump described Mexican immigrants as criminals and rapists.

Link Between Rhetoric and Violence

Ken Cuccinelli downplayed links between political rhetoric and violence, emphasizing border security.

El Paso Border Wall Claims

Trump claimed the border wall made El Paso safer in his State of the Union address.

Safety in El Paso Pre-Wall

Former Mayor Dee Margo stated the city was already safe before the wall.

Policy Testing Ground

El Paso was used to test harsh asylum policies before national implementation.

Zero Tolerance Policy

'Zero Tolerance' led to family separations, which some border officials found horrifying.

Migrant Caravans

Cuccinelli stated that migrant caravans benefited human smugglers, also known as coyotes.

United Constitutional Patriots

An armed militia that patrolled the border.

Border Patrol and Militias Relationship

Border Patrol agents had mixed interactions with militias, sometimes tolerating them.

2019 Migrant Demographics

More families and children from Central America migrated than before.

Holding Migrants Under Bridges

Migrants were held under a bridge due to overcrowding in detention facilities.

Remain in Mexico Program

Forces asylum seekers to wait in unsafe conditions in Ciudad Juárez.

Sebastian and Sayda's Background

They were fleeing gang violence in Guatemala and were sent back under the 'Remain in Mexico' policy.

Hieleras

Cold detention cells where migrants were held.

Clint Holding Facility Findings

The facility was overcrowded, with children lacking basic necessities.

Dariana

A young migrant girl detained under harsh conditions.

1903 Act Deportation Target

Targeted radicals among European immigrants for deportation.

Church Finns vs. Red Finns

Church Finns were meek Finnish loggers and miners, while Red Finns were militant socialists.

East Coast Union Movement Core

The core of the union movement was formed by Jewish Needle trade workers.

Sicilian Immigrants Identity

Sicilian immigrants identified with their village and surrounding regions rather than a national identity.

1875 Pennsylvania Coal Mines Immigration

A wave of immigrants doubled the labor supply, increasing competition for jobs.

Fundamental Matrix of American Politics

Ethnicity provided the fundamental matrix of American-based politics.

Business Unionism vs. Radicalism

Radicalism involves socialist and communist ideas, while unionism relates to labor unions for workers.

Stateless Nations

Divided lands contested by warring factions or occupied by foreign powers.

Mexican Identity Formation

Mexican peasants defined and treated as such in the American Southwest learned to identify as Mexicans.

Contemporary Political Ties Factors

Dual citizenship and voting rights significantly reinforced political ties to home countries.

Transnational Communities

Greater presence and influence of immigrant communities in the affairs of their home nations.

Remittances vs. Social Remittances

Remittances are significant foreign exchange sources; social remittances involve skills and values impacting home communities.

Governments and Diasporas

Governments have reached out to their diasporas through dual citizenship, voting rights, and other privileges.

Largest Immigrant Group in the US

Mexicans are the largest immigrant group in the US today.

Cyclical Labor Flow Characteristics

Labor flow involved young men working seasonally in agriculture and returning home.

Mexican Transnationalism Characteristics

Features include IRCA for unauthorized migrants, heightened border enforcement, and duality legislation.

Chinese Transnationalism Characteristics

Includes the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office and the Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese.

Transnational Activism and Assimilation

Portes argues that transnational activism does not undermine assimilation and integration.

Countries Largest Source of US Citizens (2002-2011)

Africa, Europe, India, and Mexico were the largest sources of new US citizens.

Defensive Nationalism

Related to Mexican and Hispanic immigrants and stipulations for citizenship.

US vs. Canada Citizenship Policies

The US has a laissez-faire policy, while Canada embraces a multiculturalism policy.

Largest Immigrant Group with Lowest Naturalization Rate

Mexicans are the largest immigrant group but have the lowest naturalization rate.

Factors Weakening Commitment to Settlement

Geographic proximity and reversibility of migration weaken commitment to permanent settlement.

Emergence of ‘Chicano’ Identity

The term emerged during the 1960s as a form of ethnic reaffirmation for Mexican Americans.

Obama's Relationship with Hispanic Electorate

Obama acknowledged the Hispanic electorate but alienated them due to deportation policies.

Cuban American Politics Focus (pre-1980)

Focused on citizenship; changed due to the Mariel exodus and the anti-bilingual referendum.

Only Group Automatically Granted Asylum

Cubans are automatically granted asylum upon arriving in the US.

Problematic 'Hispanic' Category

The category overlooks the ancestral differences among Latin American immigrants.

Problematic 'Asian American' Label

The label fails to account for the diversity of languages among the groups it categorizes.

Blocked Transnationalism

Political refugees may face interests and concerns that are not effectively represented in their home country.