IBMIT (Cert) C4: 1.2 - Packets, IP Addressing, DNS, DHCP, and NAT

Packets

Data units transmitted over a network.

IP Address

Logical identifier for a device on a network.

DNS

Translates domain names to IP addresses.

DHCP

Automates IP address configuration for devices.

NAT

Maps private IP addresses to a public IP.

Simplex Mode

Unidirectional communication between devices.

Half-Duplex Mode

Devices can transmit or receive, not simultaneously.

Full-Duplex Mode

Devices can transmit and receive simultaneously.

Unicast

Transmission to a single specific destination.

Anycast

Transmission to the nearest node with the same address.

Multicast

Transmission to subscribed nodes in a group.

Broadcast

Transmission to all nodes on a subnet.

IPv4

32-bit address format for network devices.

IPv6

128-bit address format, supports more devices.

Octet

8-bit segment of an IPv4 address.

Static IP Address

Manually assigned, does not change.

Dynamic IP Address

Automatically assigned, changes frequently.

Public IP Address

Used for external communication on the Internet.

Private IP Address

Used for internal network communication.

Loopback IP Address

Reserved for localhost communication.

Reserved IP Addresses

Special purpose addresses set by IETF/IANA.

Subnetting

Dividing a large network into smaller subnets.

Subnet Mask

Defines network and host boundaries in IP.

APIPA

Self-configuration of IP when DHCP is unreachable.

MAC Address

Physical address of a network device.

Universally Administered MAC Address

Assigned by the manufacturer to a device.

Locally Administered MAC Address

Assigned by software or admin, overrides UAA.

UDP Protocol

Used for multicast and broadcast transmissions.

HTTP

Protocol for transferring web pages.

FTP

Protocol for transferring files.