BIOL 2500 GnE

Transmission Genetics

studies how traits are passed down between generations

Molecular Genetics

how molecular features of DNA control gene expression

Population Genetics

how genetic variations of populations is related to environment

Genetics: Molecular level

genes

Genetics: Cellular level

protein function

Genetics: Organism level

traits

Genetics: Population level

traits/behavior

Biological Evolution

genetic makeup of population changes over generations

Natural Selection

environment acts on genetic variation

True-breeding Strain

trait does not change generation to generation when self-crossed

P1 generation

original parents

F1 generation

offspring of P1

F2 generation

offspring from self-fertilizing F1 generation

Reciprocal Cross

test where genotypes are kept stable, but sexes are reversed

Particulate Unit Factors pairs

genes on homologous chromosomes

Alleles

alternate forms of a gene

Gene

unit of inheritance

Genotype

genetic makeup of an individual

Phenotype

physical expression of genetic makeup

Homozygous

both alleles are the same

Heterozygous

both alleles are different

Probability

number of times an event occurs / total number of events

Product Law

probability of independent events

Sum Rule

probability of single outcome with different possibilites

Binomial Expansion Equation

probability of proportion of offspring is produced with certain characteristics (no order)