Clinical Exam Workshop - Most Common Models

Flashcards covering common therapeutic models including ACT, CBT, DBT, Gestalt, Logotherapy, MI, Narrative, Psychodynamic, REBT, Reality, SFBT, and the Stages of Change.

What is the primary aim of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

To help patients accept what is out of their control and commit to actions that enrich their lives and align with their values and long-term goals.

Name the six interconnected core processes of the ACT Hexaflex.

Acceptance (embracing difficult emotions), cognitive defusion (detaching from unhelpful thoughts), being present (mindfulness), self-as-context (viewing oneself from a broader perspective), values (identifying what truly matters), and committed action (taking steps toward valued goals).

Who are the developers of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis.

In CBT, what are clients taught to recognize and challenge?

Cognitive distortions, such as catastrophizing or all-or-nothing thinking, through techniques like cognitive restructuring and thought monitoring.

What is the key difference focus between Cognitive Therapy and CBT?

Cognitive therapy focuses narrowly on identifying and changing negative thought patterns/beliefs, whereas CBT encompasses a broader range including behavioral interventions like exposure therapy and relaxation training.

What are the four core modules of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?

1. Mindfulness, 2. Distress Tolerance, 3. Emotion Regulation, and 4. Interpersonal Effectiveness.

Define the three states of mind in DBT.

Reasonable Mind (viewing the world rationally based on facts), Emotional Mind (intense subjective state where logic is cloudy), and Wise Mind (the balance or 'middle way' integrating intuition and reason).

What does the TIPP acronym stand for in DBT Distress Tolerance?

Temperature, Intense exercise, Paced breathing, and Paired muscle relaxation.

What are the components of the ACCEPTS 'Distraction Skills'?

Activities, Contributing, Comparisons, Emotions, Push away, Thoughts, and Sensations.

Who developed Gestalt Therapy and what is its primary focus?

Developed by Fritz Perls, it focuses on 'here and now' awareness, personal responsibility, and integrating fragmented aspects of self.

Describe the 'Empty Chair' and 'Topdog-Underdog' techniques in Gestalt Therapy.

Empty Chair facilitates role-taking dialogue between the patient and others or parts of personality; Topdog-Underdog explores two opposing opinions/attitudes within the client through dialogue.

What is Logotherapy based on, and who developed it?

Developed by Viktor Frankl, it is based on the 'will to meaning' or the inner desire to find purpose in life, even under hardship.

Contrast 'Socratic questioning' in CBT with 'Socratic dialogue' in Logotherapy.

Socratic questioning breaks down anxious/negative thoughts, while Socratic dialogue is a tool for self-discovery to find meaning and purpose.

What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control in Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

Internal: The belief that events are influenced by one's own abilities and actions. External: The feeling that outside forces like chance or others' actions are responsible for life events.

Identify the six Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques.

1. Simple reflection, 2. Amplified reflection, 3. Shifting focus, 4. Agreement with a twist, 5. Emphasis on choice and control, and 6. Reframing.

Who developed Narrative Therapy, and what is its core concept regarding problems?

Developed by Michael White and David Epston; it centers on the externalization of problems, viewing them as separate from the individual's identity.

In Narrative Therapy, what are 'Unique Outcomes'?

Instances when individuals exhibited resilience or successfully coped with challenges, which help challenge problem-saturated narratives.

List the common defense mechanisms described in Psychodynamic Therapy.

Denial, Repression, Projection, Displacement, Regression, Sublimation, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, and Introjection (identification).

Distinguish between Transference and Countertransference.

Transference is the client's feelings/attitudes toward the therapist as reflections of past relationships; Countertransference is the therapist's emotional reactions to the client.

What are the ABCs of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)?

Activating event, Beliefs, and Consequences.

Which therapeutic model uses the WDEP system, and what does it stand for?

Reality Therapy (Choice Therapy), developed by William Glasser; it stands for Wants, Doing, Evaluation, and Planning.

What are the three hallmark questions used in Solutions-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)?

The Coping Question, the Miracle Question, and the Exception Question.

List the six stages of change in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) in order.

$1$. Pre-contemplation, $2$. Contemplation, $3$. Preparation, $4$. Action, $5$. Maintenance, and $6$. Termination (with the risk of relapse).