Chromosomes

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10 Terms

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Chromosomes

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

<p>A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.</p>
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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.</p>
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Histones

Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

<p>Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.</p>
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Sister chromatids

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of the same chromosome formed by DNA replication, attached to each other by a structure called the centromere. During cell division, they are separated from each other, and each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.

<p>Sister chromatids are two identical copies of the same chromosome formed by DNA replication, attached to each other by a structure called the centromere. During cell division, they are separated from each other, and each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.</p>
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Centromere

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

<p>Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach</p>
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Homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

<p>Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.</p>
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Karyotype

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

<p>the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.</p>
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Gene

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

<p>a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.</p>
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Autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

<p>Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome</p>
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Sex chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual