psych unit 1 pt.2

survey

Data collection method in which all participants are asked to self report on the same question

Naturalistic Observation

Observing behavior as it unfolds

Expirement

A research method in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring at least one other variable

Independent

Variables manipulated by the researcher in an experiment thought to be the “cause” in cause-and-effect

Dependent variable

Variable that is measured to assess the impact of manipulating the independent variable thought to be “effect” in cause-and-effect

Placebo

Inactive substance or treatment that is indistinguishable from the real, active substance or treatment under investigation in an experiment.

Correlation research

A non experimental study that quantifies the degree to which variables are associated

Causation

The act of causing some effect

Case Study

A non experimental study in which researchers carry out an in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people

Critical Thinking

A type of reflection that involves asking whether a particular belief can be supported by both scientific theory and observation

Briefly describe the 5 basic principles of critical thinking

1. Few truths transcend the need for logical analysis and empirical testing.

2. Authority or claimed expertise does not automatically make an idea true or false.

3. Judging the quality of the evidence is crucial

4. Critical thinking requires an open mind

5. Critical thinkers often wonder what it would take to show that a “truth” is false