Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding - Carbohydrates and Proteins

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to carbohydrates and protein nutrition in animals.

Carbohydrates

The most abundant molecules in nature composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; classified into simple and complex types.

Monosaccharide

A simple carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar unit.

Disaccharide

A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides joined together.

Glycosidic bond

The bond formed between two monosaccharides through a dehydration reaction.

Enzyme

A biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions in the body.

Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate that serves as a stored form of glucose in animals.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP.

Protein

Molecules made up of amino acids, essential for structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs.

Amino acid

The building blocks of proteins, composed of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Peptide bond

The bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

Urea cycle

The metabolic pathway that converts ammonia into urea for excretion from the body.

Nonessential amino acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and are not required to be obtained from the diet.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet, as the body cannot synthesize them.

Digestibility

A measure of the efficiency with which the body breaks down feed and absorbs its nutrients.

Bioavailability

The extent and rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and utilized by the body after digestion.

Limiting amino acids

Essential amino acids that can limit protein synthesis if not available in sufficient amounts.