All chemistry reactions

memorise bro

2NaOH + Cl2​ for COLD DILUTE NaOH

NaCl + NaClO + H2​O

6NaOH + 3Cl2​ hot conc naoh

5NaCl + NaClO3​ + 3H2​O

Na2O + H2O

NaOH

Na2O + 2HCl

NaCl + H2O

MgO + H2O

Mg(OH)2

MgO + 2HCl

MgCl2 + H2O

Al2O3 + H2O

no reaction

Al2O3 + 6HCl

2AlCl3 + 3H2O

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O

2NaAl(OH)4

SiO2 + H20

No reaction

SiO2 + 2NaOH hot naoh

NaSiO3 + H2O

P4O10 + 6H2O

4H3PO4

P4O10 + 12NaOH

4Na3PO4 + 6H2O

SO2 + H2O

H2SO3 sulfurous acid

SO2 + 2NaOH

Na2SO3 + H2O

Na2SO3 + H2O + SO2

2NaHSO3

CaO + SO2

CaSO3

CaO + SO2 + 2H2O + ½O2

CaSO4.2H2O

CaCO3 + SO2

CaSO3 + CO2

Ca(OH)2 + SO2

CaSO3 + H2O

CaO + ½O2 + SO2

CaSO4

2Na(s) + Cl2(g)

2NaCl(s)

Mg(s) + Cl2(g

MgCl2(s)

2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g)

Al2Cl6(s)

Si(s) + 2Cl2(g)

SiCl4(l)

2P(s) + 5Cl2(g)

PCl5(s)

Al2Cl6 + 12H2O

2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 6Cl-

SiCl4 + 2H2O

SiO2 + 4HCl

PCl5 + 4H2O

H3PO4 + 5HCl

2M(s) + O2 M=metal

2MO

Mg(s) + 2H2O cold

Mg(OH)2 + H2

mg + h2o hot

MgO + H2

M(s) + 2H2O group 2 metal

M(OH)2 + H2

M(s) + H2SO4

MSO4 + H2

MgO + H2O

Mg(OH)2 ← pH 9

CaO + H2O

Ca(OH)2 ← pH 11-13

MO + H2O

M(OH)2 ← pH 12-14 - M = Sr, Ba, Ra

M(s) + H2SO4

MSO4 + H2

M(s) + 2H+

M2+ + H2

MO + H2SO4

MSO4 + H2O

MO + 2H+

M2+ + H2O

M(OH)2 + H2SO4

MSO4 + 2H2O

M(OH)2 + 2H+

M2+ + 2H2O

CO2 + H2O + CaCO3

Ca(HCO3)2

Ca(HCO3)2

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O ← thermal decomposition

MgCO3 + HNO3

Mg(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

MgCO3 + 2H+

Mg2+ + CO2 + H2O

CO2 + Ca(OH)2

CaCO3 + H2O

• M(NO3)2 thermal decomp

• MO + 2NO2 + ½O2 ← thermal decomposition← M = Mg/Ca/Sr/Ba← brown gas, solid melts

MCO3

MO + CO2

Cl2 + H2O

HCl + HOCl

Br2 + H2O

HBr + HOBr

H2 + Cl2

2HCl <-- in UV light

H2 + Br2

2HBr <-- heat gently

H2 + I2

2HI <-- heat

NH3(g) + HCl(g)

NH4Cl(s)

NaCl + H2SO4

HCl + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

2NaCl + H2SO4

2HCl + Na2SO4 ← conc H2SO4

NaBr + H2SO4

HBr + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

HBr + H2SO4

Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O ← bromide=stronger reducing agent

NaI + H2SO4

HI + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

HI + H2SO4

I2 + SO2 + 2H2O ← iodide=stronger reducing agent

6HI + H2SO4

3I2 + S + 4H2O

8HI + H2SO4

4I2 + H2S + 4H2O

2Cl2 + 2H2O

Cl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ HCl (aq) + HClO (aq)

ALKANE combustion

CO2 + H2O
CO/C + H2O

alkane to halogenoalkane

• ALKANE + Cl2/Br2 -> HALOGENOALKANE

  • Type: homolytic free radical substitution

  • Condition: UV light

Alkene to alkane

• ALKENE + H2 -> ALKANE

  • Type: electrophilic addition

  • Conditions: 150C + Ni catalyst

Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane

• ALKENE + Cl2/Br2 -> DI-HALOGENOALKANE

  • Type: electrophilic addition

  • Conditions: room temp

alkene to halogenoalkane

• ALKENE + HX(g) -> HALOGENOALKANE

  • Type: electrophilic addition

  • Conditions: room temp

Alkene to diol

• ALKENE + KMnO4/H2SO4 -> DIOL

  • Type: oxidation/redox/addition

  • Conditions: room temp

alkene to alcohol

• ALKENE + STEAM -> alcohol

  • Type: electrophilic addition

  • Conditions: 300C, 60 ATM, H3PO4

lots of alkene to addition polymer

• LOTS OF ALKENE -> ADDITION POLYMER

  • Type: Addition polymerisation

  • Conditions: Very high pressure

halogenoalkane to alcohol

• HALOGENOALKANE + NaOH(aq) -> ALCOHOL + Na+X-

  • Type: nucleophilic substitution

  • Conditions: NaOH(aq) + heat under reflux

halogenoalkane to alkene

• HALOGENOALKANE + NaOH(ethanolic) -> Alkene

  • Type: elimination

  • Conditions: NaOH(ethanolic) + heat under reflux

halogenoalkane to amine

• HALOGENOALKANE + conc. NH3 -> AMINE

  • Type: nucleophilic substitution

  • Condition: Ethanolic solution of ammonia + heat in sealed tube/under high pressure

halogenoalkane to nitrile

• HALOGENOALKANE + HCN -> NITRILE

  • Type: nucleophilic substitution

  • Condition: KCN dissolved in ethanol + heat under reflux

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

• PRIMARY ALCOHOL -> ALDEHYDE

  • Type: oxidation/redox

  • Conditions: K2CrO7/H2SO4, distill

Primary alcohol to carb acid

• PRIMARY ALCOHOL -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

  • Type: oxidation/redox

  • Conditions: K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 + heat under reflux

Secondary alcohol to ketone

• SECONDARY ALCOHOL -> KETONE

  • Type: oxidation/redox

  • Conditions: K2Cr2O7 + heat under reflux

alcohol to alkene

• ALCOHOL -> ALKENE

  • Type: dehydration

  • Conc. H3PO4/AL2O3/H2SO4

aldehyde to carb acid

• ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

  • Type: oxidation/redox

  • Conditions: K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 + heat under reflux

aldehyde to primary alcohol

• ALDEHYDE -> PRIMARY ALCOHOL

  • Type: reduction

  • Conditions: LiAlH4 (dry ether) or NaBH4(aq)

ketone to secondary alcohol

• KETONE -> SECONDARY ALCOHOL

  • Type: reduction

  • Conditions: LiAlH4 (dry ether) or NaBH4(aq)

aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

• ALDEHYDE/KETONE -> HYDROXYNITRILE

  • Type: nucleophilic addition

  • Conditions: KCN + H2SO4 + heat under reflux

aldehyde to carb acid wt tollens

• ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID with Tollens’ reagent

  • Type: redox

  • Conditions: AgNO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) then add NH3(aq)
    silver mirror formed 

aldehyde to carb acid wt fehlings

• ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID with Fehling’s solution

  • Type: redox

  • Conditions: Fehling’s solution

Clear blue to opaque red

METHYL KETONE/SECONDARY ALCOHOL, ETHANAL, ETHANOL, PROPAN-2-OL 

iodoform/triiodomethane + sodium carboxylate

• Type: N/A

• Conditions: I2(aq) + NaOH(aq)

nitrile to amine

• NITRILE + Na + ETHANOL -> AMINE

  • Type: reduction

nitrile to carb acid

• NITRILE + dilute HCl(aq) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

  • Type: acid hydrolysis

nitrile to carboxylate salt

• NITRILE + dilute NaOH(aq) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

  • Type: alkaline hydrolysis

carb acid to carb salt

• CARBOXYLIC ACID + Na(s) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

  • Type: redox

  • Conditions: dry conditions

Carb acid + base

• CARBOXYLIC ACID + BASE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

  • Type: neutralization

carb acid + metal carbonate

• CARBOXYLIC ACID + METAL CARBONATE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT water and co2

  • Type: neutralization

  • Effervescence

carb acid to primary alcohol

• CARBOXYLIC ACID + LiAlH4 -> PRIMARY ALCOHOL

  • Type: reduction

  • Conditions: LiAlH4 should be In dry ether

carb acid to ester 

• CARBOXYLIC ACID + ALCOHOL -> ESTER

  • Type: esterification

  • Conditions: Conc H2SO4 catalyst

Alkene to ketone

hot acidified KMnO4

acid rain, nitric acid

2NO + O2 → 2NO2
2NO2 + H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Acid rain, sulfuric acid, Nitrogen monoxide catalyst

NO₂ (g) + SO₂ (g) → SO₃ (g) + NO (g)

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

NO + ½ O2 → NO2