Chapter 3, NE & Middle Colonies

New England Colonies

Characterized by religious motives, settled by families (male and female settlers) forming tight

Protestant Reformation

The religious movement in Europe that sparked dramatic changes, leading to the rise of puritanism in England.

Puritans

A religious group that wanted to purify the Anglican Church from within, held beliefs like predestination, and faced harassment from the English monarchy.

Pilgrims

A radical group of Puritan separatists who wanted to completely break away from the Anglican Church and established the Plymouth Colony in 1620.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement signed aboard the Mayflower establishing a basic government based on majority rule and self

John Winthrop

The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who received a charter in 1629 and envisioned creating a holy Puritan society.

“City Upon a Hill”

John Winthrop's vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a model holy society built on an agreement with God.

Importance of church

Church membership was required for political participation, and education (such as founding Harvard) was mandated to train Puritan ministers, with religious freedom reserved strictly for Puritans.

Town Hall Meeting

A key element of direct democracy in New England towns where church

Plymouth Colony – first NE colony

Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, which survived initial hardships with the help of the local Native American leader Squanto.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded in 1630 by John Winthrop and non

Roger Williams

A Puritan dissenter who called for the separation of church and state and fair treatment of Native Americans, leading to his banishment from Massachusetts.

Anne Hutchinson

A female dissenter who challenged the accepted role of women and church leadership, resulting in her banishment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Pequot War (1630)

A conflict in the 1630s where New England colonists nearly wiped out the Pequot tribe.

New England Confederation (1643)

A military alliance formed by New England colonies (excluding Rhode Island) for defense against Native Americans, the Dutch, and the French.

King Philip’s (Metacom’s) War (1675

76)

New York

Originally the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, which was taken over by James, Duke of York, and developed into an ethnically and religiously diverse middle colony.

Pennsylvania

A middle colony founded in 1681 by William Penn as a proprietorship and refuge for Quakers.

Providence Rhode Island

Founded by Roger Williams after his banishment, becoming the first colony to grant complete religious freedom.

William Penn

The Quaker proprietor of Pennsylvania who created a liberal colony with a representative assembly, religious tolerance, and fair treatment of Native Americans.

Middle Colonies Characteristics

Demographically, ethnically, and religiously diverse region with an economy based on trade and food production, earning it the title "Breadbasket".

Mercantilism

The economic theory that colonies exist to enrich the mother country (England).

Salutary Neglect

The period when England loosely enforced colonial trade laws due to internal conflicts, leaving the colonies largely self

Navigation Acts

A series of mercantile laws requiring colonial trade to use English ships, pass through English ports, and sell specific enumerated goods only to England.

Dominion of NE (1686)

A union implemented by England under Sir Edmund Andros to increase royal control, restrict town hall meetings, and strictly enforce the Navigation Acts.

Glorious Revolution (1688)

An event in England that led to the collapse and end of the Dominion of New England.

Quakers

Known as the Religious Society of Friends, they were pacifists who believed in religious tolerance and allowed women to be active and preach in church.

Characteristics of Pennsylvania: 1

Widespread religious toleration and freedom.

Characteristics of Pennsylvania: 2

Fair treatment of Native Americans through land purchases rather than seizure.

Characteristics of Pennsylvania: 3

Representative assembly and extended rights for women within the church.

Smuggling

The practice of colonists illicitly trading with the French and Dutch to bypass British mercantile restrictions.

Colonists' response

Ignored strict royal restrictions, engaged in smuggling, and resisted centralized royal control like the Dominion of New England.

Middle Colonies – Breadbasket

A nickname given to the middle colonies due to their production of major food crops like wheat and corn.