vet 113 unit 4 review

system that is composed of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers into the bloodstream

endocrine

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called

hormones

gland located at the base of the brain just below the hypothalamus

pituitary

Gland known as the master gland because its hormones control the secretions of other glands

Pituitary

gland that has an anterior and posterior lobe

pituitary

hormones from this part of the pituitary gland produce the desired affect on the target organ

posterior pituitary

hormones from this part of the pituitary gland often cause their target organ to produce a second hormone

anterior pituitary

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

enhances growth and secretions of the thyroid gland

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

enhances growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

boosts the secretion of estrogen and growth of eggs in the ovaries and the production of sperm in the testes

LH (luteinizing hormone)

boosts ovulation and aids in the maintenance of pregnancy

ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone)

stimulates testosterone secretion

prolactin

develops milk secretion and influences maternal behavior

MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

develops skin pigmentation

GH (growth hormone)

accelerates body growth

secretions of the posterior pituitary gland

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

maintains water balance in the body by boosting water reabsorption in the kidneys

oxytocin

stimulates uterine contractions during birth and milk let down from the mammary ducts

thyroid gland location

either side of the larynx at the anterior end of the trachea

thyroid gland secretions

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)

regulates metabolism

calcitonin

promotes absorption of Ca from blood into bones

parathyroid gland location

surface of the thyroid

Parathyroid gland hormones

parathyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone

helps to regulate phosphorus and calcium levels

adrenal gland location

cranial to each kidney

2 parts of the adrenal gland are

cortex and medulla

adrenal cortex hormones

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

adrenal medulla hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

adrenal glands regulate

electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions and the body's response to injury

Mineralocorticoids

regulate electrolytes and water balance

Glucocorticoids

regulate carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism

androgens

aid in development and maintaining of male sex characteristics

anabolic steroids

synthetic medications used to increase strength and muscle mass

epinephrine and norepinephrine

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) to increase BP, HR & blood glucose

Pancreas location

proximal duodenum

exocrine function of pancreas

produces digestive enzymes

endocrine function of pancreas

maintain blood glucose levels

Pancrease secretes

insulin and glucagon

insulin

hormone that decreases blood glucose levels by transporting blood glucose into body cells/storage as glycogen

Glucagon

hormone that increases blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen to glucose

special cells in the pancreas that regulate blood glucose

Islets of Langerhans

Thymus location

near heart on midline in the cranioventral portion of the thoracic cavity

thymus function

immunologic by maturing T-lymphocytes

Thymus secretes

thymosin

pineal gland location

midline in the central portion of the brain

pineal gland function

maintain circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle) & reproductive timing

pineal gland secretes

serotonin which is converted to melatonin

gonads produce

sex gametes

gonads of the female

ovaries

gonads of the male

testes

secretions of the ovaries

estrogen and progesterone

estrogen function

aid in the development of secondary sex characteristics & regulates ovulation in females

progesterone function

aid in the maintenance of pregnancy

Secretion of the testes

testosterone

testosterone function

augments development of secondary sex characteristics

ACTH stimulation test

blood analysis for cortisol levels after administration of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone

assays

laboratory technique used to determine the amount of a particular substance in a sample

Dexamethasone suppression test

blood analysis for cortisol levels after administration of synthetic glucocorticoid

thyroid stimulation test

blood analysis for thyroid hormone levels after administration of synthetic thyroid-stimulating hormone

acromegaly

enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

adrenopathy

disease of the adrenal gland

diabetes insipidus

insufficient antidiuretic hormone production or the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH stimuli

diabetes mellitus

metabolic disorder of inadequate secretion of insulin or recognition of insulin by the body

endocrinopathy

disease of the hormone-producing system

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease)

disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in increased urination, drinking, and redistribution of body fat

hypercrinism

condition of excessive gland secretion

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

hypergonadism

excessive secretion of the sex glands

hyperinsulinism

disorder of excessive hormone that transports blood glucose to body cells

hyperparathyroidism

abnormal condition of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion resulting in hypercalcemia

hyperpituitarism

condition of excessive secretion of the pituitary gland

Hyperthyroidism

condition of excessive thyroid hormone

Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's Disease)

disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in weakness, vomiting, and weight loss

hypocrinism

condition of deficient gland secretion

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

hypogonadism

abnormal condition of deficient hormone secretion by the sex glands

Hypothyroidism

condition of thyroid hormone deficiency

insulinoma

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

pinealopathy

disorder of the pineal gland

pituitarism

any disorder of the pituitary gland

thymoma

tumor of the thymus

thyroiditis

inflammation of the thyroid gland

thyromegaly

enlargement of the thyroid gland

adrenalectomy

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

chemical thyroidectomy (radioactive iodine therapy)

administration of radioactive iodine to supress thyroid function

lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe

pancreatectomy

surgical removal of the pancreas

pancreatotomy

incision into the pancreas

parathyroidectomy

the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

pinealectomy

the surgical removal of the pineal gland

thymectomy

surgical removal of the thymus gland

thyroidectomy

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

DI

diabetes insipidus

DM

diabetes mellitus

GLU

glucose

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin

system responsible for the act of producing offspring

reproductive

Theriogenology

Study of animal reproduction