Chapter 6: The Duel for North America (1608-1763)

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Chapter 6 Study Guide covering key people, dates, wars, locations, and political developments in North America between 1608 and 1763.

Edict of Nantes

A 1598 decree that granted limited religious tolerance to French Protestants and helped end religious wars in France.

Samuel de Champlain

The founder of Quebec in 1608 and 'Father of New France' who allied with the Huron against the Iroquois.

Louis XIV

King of France who assumed power in 1643 and supported French expansion in North America.

Robert de La Salle

French explorer who traveled down the Mississippi River in 1682 to the Gulf of Mexico and named Louisiana after King Louis XIV.

Antoine Cadillac

French explorer who founded Detroit in 1701 to block British expansion into the Ohio Valley.

King William's War

An early colonial conflict between Britain and France fought from 1689 to 1697.

Queen Anne's War

Colonial war from 1702 to 1713 in which Britain fought against France and Spain.

Peace of Utrecht

1713 treaty ending Queen Anne's War that transferred Acadia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to Britain.

War of Jenkins's Ear

A conflict between Britain and Spain that began in 1739.

King George's War

Colonial conflict from 1744 to 1748 in which New England colonists captured Louisbourg, which was later returned to France.

Louisbourg

Strategic French fortress captured by New England colonists in 1745, returned to France in 1748, and recaptured by Britain in 1758.

George Washington

Young Virginia officer whose fighting with French forces in the Ohio Valley in 1754 triggered the French and Indian War.

Fort Necessity

The hastily constructed fort where George Washington was forced to surrender to French forces on July 4, 1754.

Albany Congress

A 1754 meeting of colonial representatives intended to improve defense, keep the Iroquois loyal to Britain, and promote colonial unity.

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin's 1754 proposal for colonial home rule and unity, which was rejected by both the colonies and British officials.

"Join, or Die"

Benjamin Franklin's famous 1754 cartoon published to encourage colonial unity.

French and Indian War

A conflict from 1754 to 1763 in North America where Britain and France fought for control of the continent.

Seven Years' War

A global conflict spanning Europe, the West Indies, Africa, and Asia, connected to the French and Indian War.

General Edward Braddock

British general who was mortally wounded and severely defeated near Fort Duquesne in 1755 by French and Native forces.

William Pitt

British leader known as the 'Organizer of Victory' who focused British military power on conquering Canada, especially Quebec and Montreal.

James Wolfe

British commander who defeated French forces at Quebec in 1759 and was fatally wounded during the battle.

Marquis de Montcalm

French commander at the Battle of Quebec who died from wounds received during the conflict.

Plains of Abraham

The location outside Quebec where the pivotal Battle of Quebec took place in 1759.

Treaty of Paris of 1763

Treaty that ended the French and Indian War, removing French political power from North America and establishing Britain as the dominant power.

Pontiac's Uprising

A 1763 Native resistance campaign led by Ottawa chief Pontiac against British expansion west of the Appalachians.

Proclamation of 1763

A British decree prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent conflict with Native Americans.

Coureurs de bois

French fur traders whose name translates to 'runners of the woods.'

Voyageurs

French canoe travelers who transported furs and goods throughout the rivers of New France.

Beaver pelts

The central economic resource and primary trade commodity of New France.

Huron

Native American tribe allied with the French following Samuel de Champlain's alliance.

Iroquois

Native American confederacy that became a major enemy of New France due to Champlain's alliance with the Huron.

Acadians

French-speaking inhabitants of Nova Scotia expelled by the British in 1755.

Cajuns

Descendants of French Acadians who settled in Louisiana after being expelled from Nova Scotia.

Salutary neglect

Britain's policy of loose enforcement of colonial trade laws during periods of peace.

Ohio Valley

The chief area of territorial competition between Britain and France prior to the outbreak of the French and Indian War.

Fort Duquesne

A strategic French fort at the convergence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers forming the Ohio River.

Jesuit missionaries

French Catholic missionaries who attempted to convert Native Americans while working as explorers and geographers in New France.