cell organelle and transport

visualize cell

light microscopy - no dyes

fluorescence microscopy - fluorescence dyes

• excitation and emission filter

electron microscopy transmission TEM - higher magnification and resolution (englargement and definition - closest spacing of 2 lines)

• internal structures

• vaccum needed, no light source

scanning electron microscopy SEM - surfaces

microscope to visualize specific structures that need to be differentiated?

visualize details of the surface of a bacteria ?

visualize internal organelles in higher mag and resolution

fluorescence microscope to targetr different structures

SEM - scanning electron microscope

TEM - transmission electron microscope

domains of living word

eubacteria - prokaryotes

• bacteria

archaebacteria - prokaryotes

• archaea

eukaryotes

• has organelles and includes animal, plant, fungi(yeast), and protist cells.

virus vs bacteria

virus- not alive, needs host, no antibiotics, RNA/DNA

bacteria -alive, antibiotics, DNA, reproduced by binary fission

smooth ER

rough ER

free ribosomes

synthesis of lipids, Ca 2+ storage

translation of mRNA —> membrane associated proteins or for secretions out cell

translation of mRNA into cytosolic proteins

lysosome

endosome

proteosome - quality control

peroxisome - housekeeping

intracellular degradation

cell uptake of cholesterol, removal of receptions from plasma membrane, uptake of small molecules+water, internalization of large particles

degradation of intracellular proteins

detoxification of substances

phosphatidylserine - PS

normally, protein is on the inner membrane side of the plasma membrane

during apoptosis/cell death, PS will flip to the outside layer

• to signal for macrophage engulfment and promote the clearance of dying cells.

plasma membrane

phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbs

have transporters bc of hydrophobic properties of the tails

pumps, channels, receptors, linkers, enzymes, structural proteins