Chapter 20 - The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on European Society

early eighteenth century

In the ________, new methods of smelting iron ore to produce cast iron were devised, based on the use of coke or ‘ ‘ coke that was made by slowly burning coal.

steam engine

The ________ also revolutionized the production of cotton goods and allowed factories to be more spread out.

Toll stations

________ on important rivers and customs barriers along state boundaries increased the costs and prices of goods.

nineteenth century

In the first half of the ________, much of India fell under the control of the British East India Company.

Cotton Industry

The ________ was one thing that surged ahead in the 18th century.

British Iron Industry

The ________ was radically transformed during the Industrial Revolution.

Guild Restrictions

________ also created impediments that pioneer industrialists in Britain did not have to face.

Continental entrepreneurs

Finally, ________ were generally less enterprising than their British counterparts and tended to adhere to traditional business attitudes, such as a dislike of competition, high regard for family security coupled with an unwillingness to take risks in investment, and excessive worship of thriftiness.

Agrarian

In 1800 the United States was an ________ society. There were no cities with populations more than 100,000, and most people were farmers. By 1860 the population had grown from 5 million to 30 million.