Psych Chapter 5

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Consciousness

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50 Terms

1

Consciousness

a persons subject awareness, such as thoughts and perceptions, experiences of the world and self awareness.

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2

Circadian Rhythms

Biological rhythms that happen periodically through 24 hours, like an alarm.

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3

Entrainment

synchronization between biological rhythms and external cues.

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4

Light Entrainment

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5

Endogenous Rhythms

Free running biological rhythms generated from our body that are independent of zeitgebers.

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6

Why we sleep

To restore and repair hypothesis, and to preserve and protect energy

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7

Beta waves vs alpha waves

beta = awake, alpha = awake and calm or in a drowsy state

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8

Stages of sleeping

Stage 1 breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decreases

Stage 2 You become less responsive to external stimuli

Stage 3-4 Brain activity slows and it makes it difficult to wake

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9

REM sleep

Sleep stages characterised by quickening of brain waves, body movement, and rapid eye movement (REM)

(REM facilitates learning)

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10

Slow wave sleep

important to learn autobiographical memories

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11

Sleep Deprivation

Attention, learning, emotions deficits and you tend to dose off. usually occurs after bad sleep for 2-3 days

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12

Sleep Displacement

When someone is prevented from sleeping at the normal time. Examples being jet lag and daylight savings time.

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13

Sleep Hygiene

doing activities to help you sleep better and more readily

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14

Freud on dreaming

published interpretation of dreams where he argues unconscious expressions of wish fufillment

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15

Manifest Content

images and storylines we dream about

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16

Latent content

actual symbolic meaning of dreaming built on suppressed sexual urges

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17

Activation synthesis hypothesis (modern theory of dreaming)

dreams come from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages arising from the brainstem

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18

Problem solving theory (modern theory of dreaming)

thoughts and concerns that you think about through the day, and while sleeping.

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19

Onset Insomnia

difficulty falling asleep

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20

maintenance insomnia

difficulty returning to sleep

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21

Terminal Insomnia

Waking up too early

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22

Primary insomnia

caused due to worrying or other internal sources

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23

Secondary Insomnia

result of other disorders

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24

Nightmares

disturbing dreams that occur during rem sleep

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25

night terrors

intense bouts of panic and arousal that wake an individual occurring in NREM sleep

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26

Restless legs syndrom

constant leg discomfort and wanting to constantly move them

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27

REM behaviour disorder

acting out dreams due to failure of inhabiting motor signals

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28

Somnambulism

(sleepwalking) disorder that involves wandering and performing other activities while asleep

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29

Sleep apnea

temporarily not being able to breathe when sleeping

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30

narcolepsy

extreme daytime sleeping especially sleep attacks

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31

Hypnosis

procedure of inducting a heightened state of suggestibility

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32

Dissociation theory

the belief that hypnosis is when your attention is divided, like dazing off when driving and being on "autopilot"

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33

social cognitive theory

beliefs and expectations contribute to suggestibility

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34

mind wandering

unintentional redirection of attention from current task to an unrelated train of thought

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35

default mode network

pattern of brain activity that self reflects, and keeps autobiographical memories

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36

Brain Death

condition when brain stem no longer functions

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37

coma

complete loss of consciousness

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38

Persistent vegetative state (PVS)

a state if minimal to no consciousness

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39

minimally conscious state

ability to show some behaviours suggesting consciousness

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40

Locked in syndrome

patient is awake and aware but can't move and appears unconscious

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41

Short term drug effects

affects neurotransmitters activity through agonistic and antagonistic effects affects the nucleus accumbens with rewarding behaviors

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42

Long term drug effects

Tolerance is affected because you will need more drugs to get high. Physical depending on it Psychologically dependant

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43

Stimulant drugs

Increase energy, dopamine, serotonin. example cocaine High risk of dependance

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44

Hallucinogens (drugs)

increases serotonin and blocks glutamate receptors Low risk of dependance Example being LSD, Ketamine, DMT

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45

Opiates (drugs)

intense euphoria and pain relief stimulates endorphin receptors Very high risk of dependance examples are heroin morphine, fentanyl, opium

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46

Naloxone

treats overdose by serving as pain relief and blocking sites where opiates are supposed to be

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47

Sedatives

increases GABA activity which leads to relaxation and sleep.. High risk of dependants examples are xanax and valium

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48

Alcohol

increases GABA activity then stimulates endorphin and dopamine receptors.

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49

Alcohol myopia

narrow focus on a persons current desires while ignoring everything else

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50

marijuana

Relaxing, distorts sensory experiences, paranoia Stimulates hunger and reduces pain

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