Health Behavioral Theories Part 2

Aspect of health from a social ecological perspective

• Behavior influences health outcomes

• The physical and social environment influence behavior

• Understanding these influences helps us practice health romotion more effectively

What is personal health behavior?

behavior that primarily affect the individual’s own health

What is health-related behavior?

behavior that affects the health of others

What is health-protective behavior?

behavior undertaken to with a specific concern for the health of others (e.g., policy, programs)

What is socially-oriented health protective behavior?

undertaken to improve the social conditions that contribute to health

What are the levels of multi-level health promotion?

• Individual

• Interpersonal

• Community

• Societal

Who does health promotion?

Public health and education professionals

What are health promotion processes?

• Services to improve health and behavior

• Strengthen the environment

• Facilitate healthful behavior

What is purpose of health behavior theories?

Guides the search for reasons why people do or do not engage in certain health behaviors

• understanding health and behavior

• needs assessment

• intervention development

• interpretation of results

What is the health promotion theories and model at the individual level?

• Health Belief Models

• Stage of change

• (Transtheoretical model)

• Relapse prevention

• Information processing paradigm

What is the health promotion theories and model at the interpersonal level?

• Social learning/social cognitive theory

• Theory of reasoned action (TRA) / Theory of planned behavior (TPB)

• Social Support

What is the health promotion theories and model at the community level?

• Community organization model

• Ecological approaches

• Organizational change theory

• Diffusion of innovations theory

What is value-expectancy theories?

individuals are more likely to engage in behavior if they believe that performing the behavior is likely to lead to desirable outcomes

What are stage theories?

View behavior change as a process and postulates that, in the process of moving from inaction to action, people pass through a series of stages.

further aspects of value-expectancy theory

• Expectancies and reinforcements are subjective

  • People will vary in:

    • their assessments of the likelihood that a behavior will result in a particular outcome

    • in terms of reinforcement value attached to different outcomes

  • Individuals

    • Expectancies and the reinforcement value attached to different outcomes may vary across situation

    • Expectancies and values may change as individuals gain life experience

What are the types of value-expectancy theories?

• Rotter’s Social Learning Theory

• Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

• Health Belief Model

• Social Cognitive Theory

What are the 5 components of the Rotter’s Social Learning Theory?

1. Personality represents an interaction of the individual with the meaningful environment

2. Human personality is learned

3. Personality has a basic unity

4. Motivation is goal directed

5. People are capable of anticipating event

What’s the central notion behind the Rotter’s Social Learning Theory?

Through life experiences, people develop expectations concerning the types of outcomes that are most likely to occur if they perform a particular behavior in a particular situation

Further aspects of the Rotter’s Social Learning Theory

• Individuals choose behaviors that maximize the perceived likelihood of obtaining desired outcomes while minimizing the likelihood of undesired ones

• Predictive Formula: BP=f(E,RV)

  • BP-behavior potential

  • E-expectancy

  • RV – reinforcement Value

What is Behavior Potential?

Behavior potential is the likelihood of engaging in a particular behavior in a specific situation

What is Expectancy?

Expectancy is the subjective judgment of how likely the behavior is to lead to a specific outcome, or reinforcer

What is Reinforcement Value

Reinforcement is another name for the outcomes of our behavior. Reinforcement value refers to the desirability of these outcomes

What is Psychological Situation?

The psychological situation represents Rotter's idea that each individual's experience of the environment is unique

Who created Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?

Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen

What is the best predictor of behavior?

Behavioral Intention

What are the 2 factors that influence behavioral intention?

1. Attitude towards behavior

2. Subjective norms or social pressures associated with the behavior

What directly influence behavioral intention?

• Attitude toward behavior

• Subjective norms

What are consider external factors?

• gender

• race

• age

• education

• health status

Aspects of behavior intention in theory of planned behavior

• def: perceived likelihood of performing behavior

• measurement approach: are you likely or unlikely to perform the behavior?

Aspects of attitude in theory of planned behavior

• def: personal evaluation of the behavior

• measurement approach: Do you see the behavior as good, neutral, or bad?

Aspects of subjective norm in theory of planned behavior

• def: beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behavior; motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval

• measurement approach: do you agree or disagree that most people approve of/disapprove of (the behavior)

Aspects of perceived behavioral control in theory of planned behavior

• def: belief that one has, and can exercise control over performing the behavior

• measurement approach: do you believe (performing the behavior) is up to you, or not up to you?