Growth and Development, Self-Perception, Role Relationship, and Self-Concept

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Growth and Development, Self-Perception, Role Relationship, and Self-Concept notes.

Growth

The process by which size increases, measured in humans by height and weight.

Development

The increasing maturation of physical ability, thought processes, and behaviors over time.

Self-concept

Feelings, beliefs, and values associated with 'I' or 'me'.

Personal identity

The sense of being a unique, continuous self across time.

Body image

One's perceptions, feelings, and attitudes about their body.

Self-esteem

One's overall sense of self-worth or value.

Role performance

How well an individual fulfills expected social roles.

Self-knowledge

Awareness of one's own attributes, traits, and abilities.

Self-expectations

Beliefs about one's future capabilities and goals.

Self-evaluations

Judgments about one's own abilities, appearance, and behavior.

Physiologic development

Growth and maturation of the body's physical structures and functions.

Cognitive development

Growth of thinking, memory, problem solving, and intellectual abilities.

Psychosocial development

Growth of emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Moral development

Development of values, ethics, and beliefs about right and wrong.

Spiritual development

Growth in beliefs, meaning, faith, and purposes related to values and existence.

Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust

The infant's sense of safety and reliability formed when caregivers consistently meet needs.

Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Toddlers develop independence and personal will, balanced by social guidance to avoid shame and doubt.

Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt

Preschoolers develop initiative and purpose; exploration is encouraged to avoid guilt.

Erikson: Industry vs Inferiority

School-age children develop competence through skills and feedback from others.

Erikson: Identity vs Role Confusion

Adolescents develop a stable sense of self and future direction.

Erikson: Intimacy vs Isolation

Young adults establish intimate relationships and commit to others.

Erikson: Generativity vs Stagnation

Middle adulthood focuses on contributing to society and guiding the next generation.

Erikson: Integrity vs Despair

Later life reflection with acceptance and fulfillment, or despair over life choices.

Freud: Oral stage

First psychosexual stage; pleasure centers on the mouth through feeding, sucking, biting, and chewing.

Piaget: Sensorimotor stage

Birth to about 2 years; learning through senses and motor actions; development of object permanence.

Piaget: Preoperational stage

2 to 7 years; development of language and symbolic thinking; egocentrism.

Piaget: Concrete operational stage

7 to 11 years; logical thinking about concrete events; decentered thinking.

Piaget: Formal operational stage

12 years and up; abstract reasoning, deductive and hypothetical thinking.

Havighurst developmental tasks

Tasks a person should accomplish at each life stage, such as walking, talking, reading, and forming concepts.

Vital signs

The four core physiological measurements used to assess health: temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.

Temperature

Measurement of body heat; normal ranges vary by age and context.

Pulse

Heart rate; the number of heartbeats per minute.

Respirations

Breathing rate and pattern; number of breaths per minute.

Blood pressure

Force of circulating blood on arterial walls; typically expressed as systolic/diastolic.

Age-related variations in normal vital signs

Age-based changes in the normal ranges of temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.