The Cell Cycle

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to the cell cycle, including processes, phases, and regulatory mechanisms.

Cell Cycle

The pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.

Checkpoints

Control mechanisms in the cell cycle that ensure the cell is ready to progress to the next stage.

Eukaryotic Cell Division

The process that involves dividing the chromosomes in the nucleus and dividing the cytoplasm.

G0 Phase

A phase where cells are metabolically active but do not divide unless necessary.

G1 Phase

The first growth phase where the cell grows and carries out normal functions.

S Phase

The synthesis phase where DNA is replicated, resulting in two chromatids per chromosome.

G2 Phase

The second growth phase where the cell continues normal functions and prepares for nuclear division.

M Phase

The phase that encompasses mitosis and cytokinesis, resulting in two identical cells.

Mitosis

The process during which the nucleus divides, consisting of several specific stages.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm, completing the process of cell division.

Growth Factors

Chemical regulators that stimulate cell growth and division.

Cyclins

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle by controlling kinases.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death activated by internal or external signals.

Checkpoints Prophase

The checkpoint at the end of G1, ensuring the cell is healthy and large enough to divide.

DNA Replication

The process that occurs in the S phase where DNA is copied.

Chromatid

One of two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Microtubules

Hollow proteins that are rearranged during the G2 phase for nuclear division.

Cell Cycle Duration

The total time a cell usually spends in the cell cycle, about 24 hours.

Internal Factors

Regulators triggered by external factors bonding to receptors.

Repair Enzymes

Enzymes like DNA polymerase that check DNA for errors in the G2 phase.

Cell Division Regulation

Can be influenced by both external factors through contact and chemical signals.