Religion Final

Tel Dan Stela

A stela that writes of an Armeanian king’s victory over the king of Israel and the king of the house of david. It was the first extrabiblical evidence of the family of David

Ammonites

An external reason for the tribes of Israel unifying into a kingdom. They were the second most important enemies and lives east of Jordan.

Philistines

• Sea people, lived on the coast

• Used high tech bronze tech

• Strong military force

• Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, Ekron

• Fought under Saul

Anoint

The act of using holy oil to appoint/bless a role upon significant figures, like leadership to a king or the messenger role to a prophet. Done by prophets or priests

Seer

“Sees” God in dreams and visions

Navi

• Hears and sees god through direct communication

• Anoints figures

• a political figure

• Well educated in politics and religion

Jebusite

The group of Caananites that lived in Jerusalem

Divine sovereignty

• There are other gods but God is #1

• Allows for kings in the mortal world, some agency among men that God oversees

Divine suzerainty

• No other gods or lords, can’t tolerate rivals because their existence can threaten the covenant

• A reason for Israel’s harsh monotheism compared to the polytheistic neighbors

• Limits the potential of mortal kings, two kings (mortal and divine) can not exist

Shalamanser V

An Asserian king who’s primary campaign was quelling Hosea’s rebellion. Once he arrested Hosea, he seiged Sameria for 3 years and began the deportation of the Israelites. He died suddenly however

Sargon II

Was appointed after Shalamanser V, and finished the conquering and destroying of the northern Israelite kingdom, and the deportation of the Israelites. His death then prompted King Hezikiah’s rebellion

Province of Dor

• A province of Israel

• Known for fine goods

Megiddo

A hill over looking the Jezeral Valley. In Isahiah's prophecy, it's named as the final battle between good and evil during amageddon

Gilead

• means head of testimoney/witness

• thought to be a very rocky area

• By the Jordan river

• refuge of israelites and origin of elijah

Sameria

• the capital of northern kingdom of Israel

• A part of Isahiah’s prophecy

• Judgment and destruction will fall on Sameria for its use of idols

• Consequence for turning away from God

King Hezekiah

• Succeded King Ahaz

• known for religious reforms

  • purifying the temple

  • abolishing idolatry: removing “high places”, instances of Ashera

• Strong stance on Asseryia focused on defiance

double deportation

1. They remove the elites and deport them to other cities

2. deport the people and mix them with a variety of other cultures, effectively killing the culture

King Zedekiah

• appointed by appointed by Nebuchadnezzar II

• Was allied with the babylons but then rebelled and allied with Egypt

• warned by prophet jerimiah about the babylonian conquest, but he ingnored him and that lead to the destruction of the temple and Judah, and his imprisonment by the Babylonians

• a cautionary tale of disobidiance

Nabuchadnezzar

A Babylonian king that destroyed the first temple and exiled the Israelites a second time. He attacked during King Zedikiah’s rule when he rebelled, blinding, killing his sons, and arresting Zedikiah

Mizpeh

A city in the tribe of Benjamin. Israelites would gather here to renew the covenant, repent, and annoint new kings (ex. Samuel selected Saul for king)

House of Ahiel

• a well preserved hosue in Jerusalum’s city of David

• a 4 room house, a specific kind of house for Israelites

• 2 story house with a toilet!

• Had evidence of most people of the community having disentary

Ir David

• Where king david established the capital of Jerusalum

• Used to be jebus, then became the City of David

• Place of the first and second temple

• Had the broad wall

canonization of the Torah

• occured during the Babylonian exile (5-6 BCE)

• recognized authoritative and divinly inspired scripture, and established jewish law/tradition/belief

• involves Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

Book of Esther

• explains the origin of Purim

• A woman becomes the queen of Persia and saves her people

  • She risks her life and reveals her jewish ID to the king to save her people

Book of Daniel

• Recounts jewish history and jewish life

• daniel is a court prophet who sees visions

  • he sees an apolocyptic vision of the end times (4 beasts that get destroyed) and how a messiah will come

• tells you to be smart and survive exile, but don’t hide your judaism

539 BCE

When Cyrus made legislation for religious tolorance, allowing the Israelites to return home to Jerusalum and rebuild their second temple

proto-rabbinical class

• the group of jews from rabbinical judeism

  • emphasized interpretation of jewish tradition (by rabbis)

• developed in 2 BCE

• development of three groups

  • Pharisees: emphasized oral tradition and law

  • Sadducees: stricly followed written law and the written torah

  • Essenes: associated with the dead sea scrolls

Cyrus cylinder

a clay artifact that recorded cyrus allowing “deported people“ to return to home and ““rebuild”

• assumed to be the reason the jews returned to jerusalum and rebuilt their second temple

matrilineal line

messiah

• a future jewish king who will deliever the people to the promised kingdom after the end times

• propocized by daniel

• believed to be a normal, unsuspected man

• will bring about the messinic age of peace for the jewish people

apocalyptic visions

A genre of prophetic visions that emerged during the Hellenistic period. They are often mediated by angels or divine figures that depict end times. Prophets like Daniel and Ezekiel had these visions.

"son of man"

A part of Daniel’s apocalyptic vision of the messiah. Christians believe it’s about Jesus, while Jewish tradition believes it’s an average man, both believe he will deliver the chosen people. This contraversy is what demoted the book of Daniel to the third section

diaspora

• due to several exiles and deportations, israelites are a diaspora

• means a group of people that are spread out from thehir homeland

Aramaic language

• both t spoken and written language for jewish tradition

• important for religious study and worship

Satan

• aka the advasary

• a late innovation, and supposedly different from the snake

• a seperate character that is still under’s God’s control

  • ie. has to ask for permission in Job

• A persian word

Wisdom Literature

• Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes

• follows themes of practical morality, how to live one’s life, and answers day to day questions

• Proverbs says that generally living morally = wise = good

• Job says that individual suffering is not indicative of being bad, it just happens and you don’t have to know why

• Ecclesiastes talks about vanity and earthy possesions = bad

Hellenism

• Greek conquest spread Hellensism and Hellenized even Jewish culture

  • Often done by founding Greek cities or converting old cities

• Hellenistic ideals like individual suffering and life after death, and Hellenistic poetry the Song of Songs