Biology Lecture Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, themes, feedback loops, cellular organization, and genetics concepts from the biology lecture transcripts.

Negative feedback

A self-regulation mechanism that lessens the rate.

Positive feedback

A self-regulation mechanism that heightens the rate.

3 domains for classification of life

Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya (Plants, Animals, fungi, protists).

Quantitative data

Numerical data organized into tables & graphs.

Qualitative data

Data often in the form of recorded descriptions.

Independent variable

Variable controlled by researchers.

Dependent variable

The variable that is predicted to change by the researchers.

5 unifying themes of biology

1. Evolution, 2. Organization, 3. Information, 4. Energy/matter, 5. Interactions.

Transcription

Copying DNA.

Chromatin

Chromosomes when the DNA is all tangled.

RNA

Copy of DNA that is put outside the nucleus.

Translation

Process in which RNA is interpreted to create proteins.

Genome

Library of genetic instructions.

Genomics

Study of genes.

Proteomics

Study of a set of proteins and their properties.

10 levels of biology

1. Biosphere, 2. Ecosystem, 3. Communities, 4. Populations, 5. Organisms, 6. Organs, 7. Tissue, 8. Cells, 9. Organelles, 10. Molecules.

Emergent properties

Properties that result from the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases.

Eukaryotic cells

More advanced, larger cells with a nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells

Less advanced cells with no nucleus.

Chromosomes

Structures that contain the genetic material/DNA.