Biology Lecture Exam 2: Plant and Animal Evolution

Organisms that are multicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs with cellulose cell walls and store excess energy as starch belong to Kingdom ___________________.

C. Plantae

In a plant's alternation-of-generations life cycle, what are the two stages of the life cycle that are alternating?

A. The multicellular diploid Sporophyte and the multicellular haploid Gametophyte.

When a plant cell divides by meiosis, the result is always the production of a ____________.

B. Spore

Plants produce their gametes by __________________.

B. Meiosis

The unicellular haploid stage of the plant life cycle is the ___________________.

C. Gametophyte

Nonvascular plants do not have ___________________________.

C. Xylem or Phloem

Microsporophyll, Microsporangium, Microspore, Microgametophyte and Microgamete all refer to __________________ plant structures.

A. Male

A plant that produces two distinctly different types of spores is ______________________.

B. Heterosporous

Which of the following is not an advanced plant characteristic?

D. Flagellated Sperm

Which of the following is the most advanced?

B. Anthophytes

Monocot floral parts typically exist in multiples of _________________.

B. 3

Dicot seeds have __________________ cotyledons.

A. 2

A fibrous root system is typical of ________________.

A. Monocots

Root vascular tissue arranged in a ring is typical of ________________.

B. Dicots

Leaf blade attached to stem by a petiole is typical of __________________.

B. Dicots

Which of the following is not a function performed by a plant's roots?

D. Photosynthesis

Which root zone is responsible for pushing the tip of the root deeper into the soil?

C. Zone of Maturation

What type of meristem exists in the Zone of Cell Division of a root?

A. Apical

Stem vascular bundles arranged in a ring is typical of ________________.

B. Dicots

A swelling or bundle of tissue located immediately above a leaf scar is a/an ______________.

D. Node

A loose arrangement of stem epidermal and cortical cells that facilitates gas exchange at the stem is a/an _________________.

C. Lenticel

A horizontal below ground stem is a __________________.

B. Rhizome

A vertical below ground stem with leaves modified for storage is a _________________.

E. Bulb

A potato is an example of a _____________________.

D. Tuber

The primary photosynthetic organs of a plant are its ___________________.

C. Leaves

Which of the following structures attaches a dicot leaf blade to a stem?

B. Petiole

A leaf that consists of a single blade is _____________________.

D. Simple

A/an_______________________ leaf arrangement exists when there is just one leaf per node.

B. Alternate

A net-like or netted leaf venation pattern is typical of __________________.

B. Dicots

A/an _________________ is a leaf modified for protection against water loss and herbivory.

E. Spine

A/an ________________ is a leaf modified for clinging or climbing.

C. Tendril

________________ is a term referring to the shedding of leaves by a plant.

B. Abscission

TRUE/FALSE: Plants typically shed their leaves to conserve water.

A. TRUE

Which of the following is the most abundant and least differentiated type of plant tissue?

A. Parenchyma

Which of the following tissues is dead at maturity and functions to transport water and inorganic mineral ions from the soil to the leaves for photosynthesis?

D. Xylem

Which of the following gives rise to roots hairs that serve to increase the absorptive surface area of a plant's roots?

B. Vascular Tissue System

What type of growth pattern do plants exhibit?

B. Indeterminate

________________ are plants that live and reproduce for many years.

E. Perennials

Bundles of perpetually embryonic tissue in plants are ____________________.

D. Meristems

"Cambiums" are another name for __________________ and they produce ______________ growth, which is growth in _____________________.

D. Lateral Meristems; Secondary; Girth/Diameter

With what type of symmetry will multiple planes/sections yield mirror images?

C. Bilateral Symmetry

An animal with a body cavity located between the digestive tract and outer body wall, completely lined by mesoderm, is a/an _________________________.

C. Eucoelomate

An animal that has a blastopore that becomes the mouth is a ______________________.

A. Protostome

A type of digestive tract that has only one opening is _______________________.

A. Incomplete

A type of circulatory system in which the blood never leaves the vessels from the time it leaves the heart until it returns to the heart is a/an ___________________ circulatory system.

C. Open

______________________ is a concentration of sensory receptors located at the anterior end of an animal, or also known as the formation of a distinct head.

C. Cephalization

____________________ is the division of an animal's body into repetitive segments.

B. Metamerism

_____________________ is a 180-degree twisting of the body of an embryonic gastropod mollusk.

A. Torsion

________________ is a term referring to an organism that has two true tissue layers in the body wall.

B. Diploblastic

Which of the following is not a true tissue layer?

C. Mesoglea

Organisms that are multicellular eukaryotic holotrophs (ingestive heterotrophs) with muscle and nerve tissue belong to Kingdom ________________.

D. Animalia

Cellular level of animal organization, asymmetry, no true tissues or organs, skeletal structures called spicules, and presence of choanocyctes, are all characteristics of animals belonging to Phylum _______.

E. Porifera

Animals with a jointed chitinous exoskeleton belong to Phylum _________________.

B. Arthropoda

Animals with spiny skin, a water-vascular system, bilateral symmetry as larvae and radial symmetry as adults belong to Phylum ___________________.

A. Echinodermata

Animals that have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill pouches and a post-anal tail belong to Phylum __________________.

D. Chordata

Animals that have a muscular foot, a visceral mass and a fleshy mantle belong to Phylum __________.

C. Mollusca

Flame-cell excretory system, dorsoventrally flattened body, acoelomate body plan, organ level of animal organization, triploblastic, are characteristics that describe animals in Phylum ______________.

B. Platyhelminthes

Animals with radial symmetry that are dimorphic and diploblastic and use cnidocytes for feeding and defense belong to Phylum ________________.

A. Cnidaria

Animals that are triploblastic pseudocoelomates with only longitudinal muscle fibers in the body wall belong to Phylum ________________.

D. Nematoda

Eucoelomate protostome animals, known as the "segmented worms" because all members exhibit metamerism, belong to Phylum _____________________.

C. Annelida

Psedocoelomate triploblastic animals that have two crowns of cilia at their anterior end and reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis belong to Phylum _______________.

E. Rotifera

Parasitic segmented worms that have a chemical in their saliva that serves an anesthetic and an anticoagulant belong to the taxonomic animal Class _____________.

B. Hirudinea

Class _____________ is the most successful taxonomic Class in the animal kingdom. All members have three pairs of walking legs and a body consisting of three parts: a head, a thorax and an abdomen.

E. Insecta

The taxonomic animal Class ________________ contains the most advanced mollusks and includes the octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus.

D. Cephalopoda

The taxonomic Class __________ includes sponges that have spicules compose of silica (glass).

A. Hexactinellida

Members of the taxonomic Class ____________ are the most primitive mollusks and have a shell divided into eight transverse plates.

C. Polyplacophora

Radially-symmetric diploblastic and dimorphic stinging-celled animals in which the medusa stage is the prominent stage of their life cycle belong to the taxonomic animal Class __________________.

A. Scyphozoa

The animal Subphylum _____________ contains all animals that have a backbone.

C. Vertebrata

The animal taxonomic Class ______________ contains spiny-skinned animals called sea urchins and sand dollars.

D. Echinoidea

Members of the animal taxonomic Class ______________ represent an evolutionary link between phylum Mollusca and phylum Annelida because they are the only mollusks to exhibit metamerism.

B. Monoplacophora

Members of the animal taxonomic Class ____________ are internal parasites and have a dorsoventrally flattened body that consists of two parts: a head called the Scolex and reproductive segments called Proglottids.

E. Cestoda

Taxonomic animal Class ______________ includes the snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators and crocodiles.

C. Reptilia

Taxonomic animal Class ______________ includes fish like sharks and rays that have a skeleton composed of cartilage.

A. Chondrichthyes

Taxonomic animal Class ____________ includes the frogs, toads and salamanders.

B. Amphibia

Taxonomic animal Class ____________ includes animals with hair and the females have milk- producing glands to nourish their young.

E. Mammalia

Taxonomic animal Class ________________ includes the flying animals called birds.

D. Aves

Mammalian taxonomic Order __________ includes monkeys, apes and humans.

C. Primata

Mammalian taxonomic Order ____________ includes egg-laying mammals like the spiny hedgehog.

A. Monotremata

Mammalian taxonomic Order ____________ includes mammals that give birth to premature young, have the offspring complete development in a maternal pouch, and includes the kangaroos, koala bears and opossums.

B. Marsupialia

Mammalian taxonomic Order _______________ includes the whales, dolphins and porpoises.

E. Cetacea

Mammalian taxonomic Order _____________ includes the even-toed ungulates like pigs, goats, sheep, deer, elk, moose, caribou, and pigs.

D. Artiodactyla

According to science, life originated approximately __________________ years ago.

D. 3.5 billion - 4.1 billion

Who proved that abiotic synthesis of monomers is possible when they abiotically synthesized amino acids?

C. Urey and Miller

Who proved that abiotic synthesis of polymers is possible when they formed abiotically synthesized polypeptide chains called protenoids?

D. Sidney Fox

________________ are aggregates of abiotically synthesized organic molecules that are capable of maintaining an internal environment different from their surroundings and are capable of exhibiting some properties of life such as excitability, metabolism and self-replication.

C. Protobionts

Which of the following is most likely to have been the first genetic material?

D. RNA

The evolution of organisms advanced enough to perform photosynthesis had a huge impact on the diversity of life on the planet because ______________________________.

E. They provided food for all of the other organisms on the planet.

Which of the following is a natural theologian and the "Father of Taxonomy" that created a binomial system of nomenclature in his search for the meaning of life?

C. Carl Linne

Which of the following is the "Father of Paleontology" and developed a view known as catastrophism?

D. George Cuvier

Which of the following is responsible for a view called the "Nature Scale"?

B. Aristotle

Which of the following was an evolutionist that used the principles of "Use and Disuse" and "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" to support his theory of evolution?

E. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

TRUE/FALSE: Charles Darwin recognized that all populations of organisms have the ability to reproduce exponentially but typically stabilize once their numbers increase to the point where members must compete for limited resources.

A. TRUE

Which of the following makes natural selection possible?

E. Both (B) and (D)

__________________ is the ability of natural selection to maintain diversity in a population.

E. Adaptive Radiation

_____________________ is the formation of a new species outside the range of the parent population.

A. Allopatrick Speciation

_________________ is a pattern of speciation that occurs when a parent species gives rise to a new species and the parent species continues to exist.

A. Anagenesis

______________ is more important in the history of life because it is more common and promotes biodiversity.

B. Cladogenesis

The ____________________ assigns species status based on reproductive compatibility.

B. Biological Species Concept

__________________ is a type of pre-zygotic barrier that prevents hybridization because the organisms are reproducing at different times of the day or year.

B. Temporal Isolation

_________________ is a type of post-zygotic barrier that prevents hybridization from occurring because the hybrid embryos abort before completing development or are weak, frail and unable to compete effectively with either parent species for limited resources.

C. Hybrid Inviability