Electricity and Magnetism
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25 Terms
What three particles make up matter?
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
What unit measures charge?
The coulomb (C).
What charge does a neutron carry?
None — neutrons are neutral.
What charge does an electron carry?
Negative.
What charge does a proton carry?
Positive.
What happens between like charges?
They repel — an electron repels another electron.
What happens between unlike charges?
They attract — an electron attracts a proton.
Which way do field lines run for a negative charge?
Toward the charge.
Which way do field lines run for a positive charge?
Away from the charge.
What is current?
A flow of electrons.
What unit measures current?
The ampere (A).
What is voltage?
The difference in electrical potential that drives current from a power source.
What unit measures voltage?
The volt (V).
Which way do electrons travel through a circuit?
Toward the positively charged side of the source.
Name some conductors a circuit can contain.
Capacitors, resistors and batteries.
What is Coulomb's constant?
Roughly 9.0 times 10 to the ninth, used to find the electric force between two charged particles.
How is electric force between two particles calculated?
Coulomb's constant times the product of their charges, divided by the square of the distance between them.
What does magnetism arise from?
The motion of an electric charge.
What gives a material its magnetic properties?
The spin of unpaired electrons.
How do currents and magnetic fields relate?
Electric currents produce magnetic fields, and magnetic fields influence electric charges.
How do magnets differ from electric charges?
Charges can exist independently; magnets only exist as dipoles with a north and a south pole.
What magnetic field does a straight current-carrying wire produce?
One perpendicular to the current, surrounding the wire in concentric circles.
What is a solenoid?
A series of stacked coils carrying a current, producing a magnetic field like that of a bar magnet.
What unit measures magnetic fields?
The tesla (T).