Pathophysiology Unit 3 Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards covering hematologic conditions, gastrointestinal diseases, liver pathology, and endocrine disorders based on the Pathophysiology Unit 3 Study Guide.

Thrombocytopenia

A hematologic condition characterized by a decrease in the number of blood platelets.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A clinical condition involving a reduction in platelets, categorized by its effect on hematologic cells/components.

Acute Myelogenous leukemia

A hematologic disease affecting myeloid cells, requiring description of symptoms, cells affected, and age of onset.

Multiple myeloma

A hematologic malignancy of plasma cells characterized by physiological manifestations and diagnosed through specific laboratory markers.

Sickle cell anemia

A genetic hematologic disease caused by specific genetic defects affecting the structure and composition of hemoglobin.

Hemophilia A

A hematologic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in specific coagulation factors.

Polycythemia

A hematologic condition characterized by an increase in red blood cell components.

Neutropenia

A hematologic condition defined by an abnormally low count of neutrophils.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A hematologic malignancy affecting lymphoid cells, often assessed for prognosis and age of onset.

Hirschsprung’s disease

A gastrointestinal condition classified by its genetic cause, affecting the colon.

Pseudomembranous colitis

An infectious clinical condition of the colon often associated with specific pathogens.

Ulcerative colitis

An inflammatory bowel disease categorized by its cause and compared with Chron’s disease.

Diverticulosis of the colon

A clinical condition of the colon identified by the formation of small pouches or diverticula.

Peptic ulcer

A clinical condition involving sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, classified by its specific cause.

Acute appendicitis

An acute clinical condition involving information and infection of the appendix.

Inguinal hernia

A clinical condition classified by the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal.

Aplastic anemia

A condition characterized by bone marrow failure and a lack of blood cell production, requiring assessment of cells affected and prognosis.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A slow-growing hematologic malignancy affecting lymphocytes, requiring description of age of onset and treatment prognosis.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A hematologic malignancy often associated with specific genetic translocations.

Plasma cell leukemia

An aggressive hematologic malignancy related to plasma cells, requiring description of cells affected and symptoms.

Hemoglobin A, $A_2$ & F

The molecules that make up red blood cells, requiring a description of their structure and chemical composition.

Stomatitis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Sialadenitis

Inflammation of a salivary gland.

Dysphagia

Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing.

Achalasia

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, leading to difficulty in food passing into the stomach.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the protective lining of the stomach.

Esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophagus.

Chron’s disease

An inflammatory bowel disease compared to ulcerative colitis within clinical study.

Primary Hepatobiliary Neoplasms

cancers and benign tumors that orginate in the liver,gallbladder or bile ducts. They can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, affecting liver function and causing symptoms such as jaundice and abdominal pain.

Cirrhosis of the liver

A condition involving chronic liver damage and scarring; causes include hereditary diseases and specific viruses.

Jaundice

A yellowing of the skin or eyes caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood.

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A type of jaundice where the liver has not processed bilirubin, seen in specific clinical examples.

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A type of jaundice where the liver has processed bilirubin but it cannot be excreted, seen in specific clinical examples.

Oliguria

The production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

Anuria

Failure of the kidneys to produce urine.

Polyuria

The production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

Proteinuria

The presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine.

Autodigestion

The process by which pancreatic enzymes destroy its own tissue.

Insulinoma

A tumor of the pancreas that secretes excessive amounts of insulin.

Polydipsia

Abnormally great thirst as a symptom of disease, such as diabetes.

Polyphagia

Excessive hunger or increased appetite.

Type $1$ and Type $2$ Diabetes

Type 1 is an autoimmune condition that results in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, while Type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity.

Factor 1-13

factor 1 is fibrinogen, factor 2 is prothrombin, factor 3 is tissue thromboplastin, factor 4 is calcium, factor 5 is labile factor, factor 7 is stable factor, 8 is antihemophilic 10 stuart prower 11 plasma thromboplastin antecedent 12 hageman 13 fibrin stalizing