Definitions: 6.2. Thermal Physics: Paper 2: Physics A Level AQA
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16 Terms
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.
Avogadro Constant
The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.
Boltzmann Constant
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ temperature.
Boyle’s Law
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volumewhen held at constant temperature.
Brownian Motion
The random motion of particles.
Charles’ Law
The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when held at constant pressure.
Ideal Gas
A gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions. All the gas laws are based on ideal gases.
Internal Energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.
Kelvin Scale
An absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (0 K = -273 °C).
Molar Gas Constant
A fundamental constant, used in the ideal gas law.
Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of the substance in question.
Molecular Mass
The mass of one molecule of the substance in question.
Pressure Law
The pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, when the volume is fixed.
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
Specific Latent Heat
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg
of a substance without a change of temperature.
State Changes
During a state change, the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not.