skeletal/muscle system

skeletal system

bones, joints, cartilage, connective tissues

muscular system

muscles and various connective tissues

one of the hardest tissues of the body

bone

oste/ o

bone

oss/ e

bone

oss/ i

bone

dense membrane that covers bone

periosteum

growth site at the end of the bone

epiphyseal plates/ growth plates

osteocytes

bone cells

osteoblasts

bone forming cells

osteoclasts

cells that destroy bone tissue so that new bone can be formed

structures of the skeletal systems

bones, ccartilage, ligaments/ tendons, bursa, synovial membrane and fluid

-clast

to break

-blast

bud/germinal/seed

skelet/ o

skeleton

os

bone

myel/ o

bone marrow

gen/ o

formation/beginning (genesis)

physi/ o

to amke grow/produce

tuber/ o

knob/rounded projection

outer layer of the bone (dense and hard)

cortical bone

cortex

bark/shell

compact bone

cortical bone

contains calcium and phosphorous to make hard

cortical bone

lighter/ less strong bone found in the ends amd inner part of bone

cancellous bone

type of bone that consists of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity

long bone

femur, humerus, tibia, radium

long bones

diaphysis

shaft of the bone

widest part of the diaphysis situated directly next to the epiphyseal plates

metaphysis

cube shaped bones with no marrow

short bone

thin/flat

flat bone

sinus containing bones

pneumatic

unpaired bones

irregular

small bones embedded in a tendon

sesamoid

formation of blood/blood components

hematopoietic

red bone marrow produces

blood cells (red and white) and clotting cells

yellow bone marrow stores

fat

chrom/ o

color

albin/ o

no color

leuk/ o

white

cyan/ o

blue

rubr/ o

red

erythr/ o

red

chlor/ o

green

xanth/ o

yellow

cirrh/ o

yellow

chondr/ o

cartilage

caartilage that covers the joint surfaces

articular cartilage

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

meniscus

joints

connections betqween bones

articulations

joints

arthr/ o

joint

immovable joint

synarthroses

slightly moveable joint

amphiarthroses

freely movable joint

diathroses

fibrous joints

synarthroses (sutures)

cartilaginous joints

amphithroses (intrevertebral disks)

synovial joints

diarthroses (elbow, shoulder, hip. stifle)

synovial

refers to tissues, fluid, and joints related to the lubrication and movement of the body's freely movable joints

bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to one another

ligaments

fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone

tendons

ab-

away from

ad-

toward

sac that acts as cushion to reduce friction during movement

bursa

synovial fluids

act as joint lubricant for joint movement

flexion

decreases angle between two bones

increases angle between two bones

extension

moves a limb away from the median plane

abduction

rotation

twists bone on its own axis

moves distal end of appendage in circle

circumduction

adduction

move limb toward median plane

portion of skull that encloses the brain

cranium

composed of individual bones called vertebra

veterbral column

supports heaad and body and protects the spinal cord

vertebral column

cost/ o

ribs

consists of extremities, shoulder, adn pelvic girdle

appendicular skeleton

appen

add, hang

contains the scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges

front limb

what bones do the front limbs have?

scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones (cannon bone in livestock), and phalanges

P1

long pastern bone in livestock (long=1)

P2

short pastern bone in livestock (short=2)

P3 (livestock)

coffin bone in livestock (3=unlucky=coffin=distal most bone broken=unlucky=3)

P3 (small animal)

claw/nail

onych/ o

claw/nail

what bones are in the hind limb?

pelvis, fefmur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones (cannon bones in livestock), and phalanges

what a re the bones in the pelvic region?

ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum (bony part of socket joint)

crani/ o

skull

xiphoid process

last pointy part of the rib

gnath/ o

jaw

mandibul/ o

mandible

maxill/ o

maxilla, upper jaw

vertebr/ o

vertebra

spondyl/ o

vertebral column

cervic/ o

neck

thorac/ o

thorax

lumb/ o

loin

sacr/ o

sacrum